Chapter 12: Comfort and Pain Management Flashcards
Occurs from an abnormal processing of sensory stimuli by the central or peripheral nervous system
Neuropathic pain
Arises from mechanical, thermal, or chemical noxious stimuli; can be somatic or visceral
Nociceptive pain
Chronic pain that has been present for 3 months or longer
Persistent pain
Pain is referred to as the __ __ __ because it is such an important indicator of an individual’s health status
fifth vital sign
__ is the greatest threat to comfort
Pain
One in __ adults reports suffering a daylong bout of pain in the past month.
four
__ of adults 65 years and older said they had experienced pain that lasted for 1 year or more.
Three fifths
__ __ pain is among the most common complaints, along with migraine or severe headache and joint pain, aching, or stiffness.
Low back
Reports of severe joint pain increased with age, and __ reported severely painful joints more often than did the other gender.
women
The __ is the joint that causes the most pain according to the report. (Interestingly, this structure replacement surgeries have risen dramatically for people over age 65 years.)
knee
___ pain: characteristic of pain in the bone and soft tissue masses.
Somatic
__ pain: associated with disorders that can cause generalized or referred pain. The pain is described as deep and aching.
Visceral
The complex phenomenon of pain is a stressor to what 3 things?
physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being.
The impact of aging on pain perception and tolerance is not fully understood; therefore, the nurse must try to assess and understand each patient’s ____
unique pain experience.
The nurse should keep in mind that although some cognitively normal or impaired clients might cry or moan, that is not a reliable indication of pain. The __ pain questionnaire is effective for use with persons who are cognitively normal or impaired.
McGill
In addition to medical problems, poor positioning or posture, inactivity, emotional issues, and adverse drug reactions could be at the root of new or worsened pain. ___ these underlying factors is the first step in pain management.
Improving
Branch of herbal medicine that uses scents from the essential oils of plants to create physiological and emotional effects
Aromatherapy
Process of teaching people to bring specific bodily functions under voluntary control
Biofeedback
Suggesting images that can create specific reactions in the body
Guided imagery
Use of plants for therapeutic benefit
Herbal medicine
Use of proper nutrition, pure water, fresh air, exercise, rest, and other natural means
Naturopathy
Branch of physical medicine that uses physical therapy, joint manipulation, and postural correction
Osteopathy
Use of specific nutritional product
Supplements
Use of dilute forms of biological material (plant, animal, or mineral) that produce symptoms similar to that caused by the disease or condition
Homeopathic remedies
___ acid is a primary precursor in the synthesis of omega-6 to proinflammatory eicosanoids.
Arachidonic
T/F: Diet can influence inflammation and its pain
True
A deficiency of _-complex vitamins can contribute to pain caused by damaged or misfiring nerves.
B
Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids can reduce ___
inflammation
The risk of adverse effects of medications is higher in ___ than in ___ age groups
older
younger
___ is the most commonly used drug for mild to moderate pain relief in older people
Acetaminophen
___ is contraindicated for older persons because of its high risk of causing delirium, seizures, and cardiac and CNS toxicity.
Pentazocine
___ dosing or the use of sustained-release drugs is useful in the management of continuous pain.
Around-the-clock
Quality time with patients that fosters comforting is reflected by what 5 things: (GLETP)
- giving the patient your undivided attention
- listening actively
- explaining
- touching
- perceiving
The prevalence of chronic conditions increases with age, and many of these conditions have ___ associated with them.
pain
T/F: The relationship between aging and pain perception is fully understood
Fasle. Not fully understood.
The two types of pain:
nociceptive
neuropathic
Most common med used with older adults
acetaminophen
Example of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug:
Ibuprofen
2 examples of opioids:
fentanyl patches
morphine
Fentanyl patches are not used for patients with:
Suppression of immune system or decreased level of consciousness
Is in a group of drugs called narcotic pain relievers. Used to relieve moderate to severe pain.
Propoxyphene
(OPIOID) (Talwin) is a painkiller used to treat moderate to severe pain
Pentazocine
Don’t give propoxyphene or pentazocine to older adults because:
they have lots of side effects w the older adult population.
Which medications, commonly used for pain, is contraindicated in the older adult related to potential side effects? Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Oxycodone (Percocet) Fentanyl (Duragesic) Propoxyphene (Darvocet)
Propoxyphene
___ has the potential for central nervous system and cardiac toxicity
Propoxyphene (Darvocet)
