Chapter 16: Sexuality and Intimacy Flashcards
A decline in testosterone levels with aging
Andropause
Painful intercourse
Dyspareunia
The inability to attain and maintain an erection of the penis sufficient to engage in sexual intercourse
Erectile dysfunction
Replacement of estrogen and/or progestin hormone that is no longer being made by the body
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
The permanent cessation of menses for at least 1 year
Menopause:
The several years prior to the onset of menopause
Perimenopause
Time beginning 12 months after the last menstrual cycle
Postmenopause
An interest in sex WAS considered __ and ___
sinful and highly improper
Society viewed sexual expression outside of wedlock as __ and __
disgraceful and indecent
T/F: Sex is now viewed as a natural, good, and beautiful shared experience.
true
T/F: The stigma attached to premarital sex been greatly reduced but also increasing numbers of unmarried couples are living together with society’s acceptance
True
“natural,” “good,” and “beautiful” are terms used to describe:
the sexual experiences of older individuals.
When the topic of sex and older adults is confronted, much __ and __ concerning sex reappear.
ignorance and prejudice
Respect for older adults as vital, sexual beings is minimized by:
- the lack of privacy afforded to them
- the lack of credence given to their sexuality
- the lack of acceptance, respect, and dignity granted to their continued sexual expression.
One consequence of myths about sex in older adulthood is that older adults may not __
receive respect as sexual beings.
The incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has increased more than twice as quickly in people over age __ than in younger adults, and this older population accounts for ___ of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS cases in the United States.
50
1/5
44% percent of the new HIV infections from persons over age 55 are among __ or __.
gay or bisexual men.
Older individuals have had a lifetime of experience with the expectation that MEN are to be:
aggressive, independent, and strong
Older individuals have had a lifetime of experience with the expectation that WOMEN are to be:
pretty, gentle, and dependent on their male counterparts.
The baby boomers changed those views as the women’s liberation movement encouraged women to be:
independent, strong, and on equal terms with men in the home and workplace
___ also encompasses much more than physical acts. It includes love, warmth, caring, and sharing between individuals; seeing beyond gray hair, wrinkles, and other manifestations of aging; and the intimate exchange of words and touches by sexual human beings.
sexuality
Feeling important to and wanted by another person promotes __, __, and ___.
security, comfort, and emotional well-being
With the multiple losses that older adults experience, the ___ and ___ derived from a meaningful relationship are especially significant.
Comfort and satisfaction
___ includes love, warmth, caring, and sharing between people and identification with a sexual role.
Sexuality
There is a ___ in sexual responsiveness and a reduction in the frequency of orgasm.
decrease
Older men are ____ to erect, mount, and ejaculate.
slower
Older women may experience ___ as a result of less lubrication, decreased distensibility, and thinning of the vaginal walls.
dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
Many older women gain a new interest in sex, possibly because they ___
- no longer have to fear an unwanted pregnancy
- or because they have more time and privacy with their children grown and gone.
T/F: Premature ejaculation is an age-related change.
FALSE
Premature ejaculation occurs when:
ejaculation occurs before or just after penetration of the vagina by the penis.
With good health and the availability of a partner, sexual activity can continue well into the ___ decade and beyond.
seventh
Menopause occurs for most women around the ___ decade of life
fifth
Menopause has been “medicalized” because it is considered a:
problem or condition that must be treated.
__ are redefining the norms for aging
baby boomers
Western society tends to prize the physical beauty of youth over the inner beauty of age, which can lead to:
women in the 50/60’s feeling unattractive, unappreciated, and underutilized.
__ occurs when estrogen levels fall and the reduced number of ovarian follicles lose their ability to respond to gonadotropic hormone stimulation.
Menopause
Before menopause, the main source of estrogen is __, which is produced by the ovaries.
estradiol
When the ovaries decline in function, most estrogen is obtained through the conversion of __ to ___ in the skin and adipose tissue.
androstenedione to estrone
Due to the increased risk of breast cancer and breast cancer mortality, EPT (estrogen-progesterone therapy) should be limited to __ to __ years of use
3 to 5
ET (estrogen therapy) carries lower risk and can be used for approximately __ years.
7
Estrogen can also be used to prevent ____.
osteoporosis
T/F: The use of EPT or ET is recommended in postmenopausal women.
False
A standardized extract of rhapontic rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum) has been shown through a placebo-controlled study to significantly reduce ___.
hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause
Andropause begins around the __ decade of life.
third
Difference of andropause and menopause besides gender?
Andropause does not occur in all men and when it does occur, it is a slower process.
When testosterone levels fall to low levels, the body increases the production of __ and __ in an effort to increase testosterone.
FSH and LH
The low testosterone levels are not only associated with reduced sexual function but also a higher risk for ___ and ___.
type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
The unavailability of a partner, ageism, changes in body image, boredom, misconceptions, physical conditions, medications, and cognitive impairments are among the factors that can interfere with ___ ___ in later life.
sexual function
By 65 years of age, there are how many men to women?
By 85 years?
- 7 men to 10 women
- 1 man to 5 women
Most older ___ are married, and most older ___ are widowed.
men
women
Negative attitudes from society, fear of losing sexual abilities, concerns about body image, relationship issues, and misconceptions held by older adults themselves can impair __ __.
sexual function
Aging persons need realistic explanations that occasional impotence is ___ nor ___.
neither unusual nor an indication that one is “too old for sex.”
T/F: There is a point where you’re too old for sex.
FALSE
Some adults fear over the potential loss of ___ ___ permanently.
sexual function
The fear of being unattractive and rejected may cause older adults to avoid encountering such situations and assume a __ __ __.
sexually inactive role.
T/F: The hurdle of building new sexual relationships can be so great that many older people may find it easier to repress their sexual needs.
True
Misconceptions are often responsible for creating obstacles to a fulfilling sex life in old age and can include the following:
- Erections are not possible after prostatectomy.
- Penile penetration can be harmful to a woman after a hysterectomy.
- Menopause eliminates sexual desire.
- Sex is bad for a heart condition.
- After a hip fracture, intercourse can refracture the bone.
- Sexual ability and interest are lost with age.
Commonly referred to as “impotence”
Erectile Dysfunction
This condition affects as many as 35% of men between the ages of 40 and 70 years, with an increased prevalence with age
Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction can have multiple causes, including:
atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, multiple sclerosis, thyroid dysfunction, alcoholism, renal failure, structure abnormalities (e.g., Peyronie’s disease), medications, and psychological factors
Discomfort, interference with ejaculation
Prostatitis
What type of prostatectomy: Used for prostate cancer. May remove whole prostate.
A SHORT CUT IS USED FOR SURGEON TO INSERT TOOLS.
“Open”-type prostatectomy
__ disease is related to the following symptoms: Painful, dorsal bending of penis from fibrous scarring associated with inflammatory process.
Peyronie’s disease
Symptoms of ___ _ ___ include: pain, inhibition of erection, and scarring that narrows urethral outlet.
Infections of genitalia
Decrease in sexual interest secondary to the loss of potency can result from what condition?
Parkinsonism
Cord compression from arthritic changes can cause __.
Impotency (erectile dysfunction)
Discomfort, dribbling urine can be caused from what condition?
Cystocele
In women, pain and difficulty with penile penetration can be caused by a __ __.
Prolapsed uterus
In women, a decreased level of estrogen leads to:
Excessive vaginal dryness
___ demonstrates the scope of erectile dysfunction and the desire of men to correct this problem
Viagra
Inappropriate behavior, such as undressing and masturbating in public areas and grabbing and making sexual comments to strangers, can occur. They may accuse his or her spouse of being a stranger improperly trying to share the bed and may misunderstand care procedures for sexual advances. What disease is this associated with?
Dementia
A willingness on the nurse’s part to discuss sex openly with older people demonstrates __, __, and __.
recognition, acceptance, and respect for their sexuality
The nurse can also promote practices that can enhance sexual function, including:
regular exercise, good nutrition, limited alcohol intake, ample rest, stress management, good hygiene and grooming practices, and enjoyable foreplay.
Their is a tendency for older men to marry ___
younger women
Their is a lack of partner, particularly for ___
older women
A ___ ___, is when the bladder drops from its normal position in the pelvis and pushes on the wall of the vagina
prolapsed bladder
