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physical science > chapter 27.1 > Flashcards

chapter 27.1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

weathering the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface

A

weathering

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2
Q

mixture of weathering rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

A

soil

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3
Q

erosion sediment transport

A

erosion

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4
Q

as rocks weather, erosional agents like water, ice, wind, and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another.

A

sediment transport

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5
Q

when the erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load in a process

A

deposition

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6
Q

The land area that gathers water for a major river

A

drainage basin

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7
Q

The movement of water parallel to the shoreline

A

longshore current

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8
Q

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

A

no rocks weather at different rate

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9
Q

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

A

rock type and landscape

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10
Q

what are the two types of weathering

A

mechanical and chemical

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11
Q

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

A

physical changes

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12
Q

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

A

frost wedging, biological activity, and collisions

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13
Q

what causes frost wedging

A

by water seeping into the cracks and freezing

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14
Q

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

A

freeze thaw cycle

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15
Q

what causes biological activity

A

plants and animals

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16
Q

what causes weathering during collisions

A

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

17
Q

what are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by

A

oxygen and water

18
Q

what is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen

A

oxidation

19
Q

what is the chemical process called that is caused by water

A

hydrolysis

20
Q

what is parent material

A

the material from which soil forms

21
Q

what are soil horizons

A

the different layers of soil

22
Q

how many soil horizons are there

A

6

23
Q

true or false? all soils contain every soil horizon

A

false

24
Q

what are the specific soil horizons

A

o.a.e.b.c.r

25
Q

what does the first soil horizon contain

A

organic material

26
Q

what is the second horizon mostly made up of

A

minerals

27
Q

which layer does leaching occur

A

horizon e

28
Q

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

A

horizon b

29
Q

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

A

horizon b

30
Q

which layer is unweathered bedrock

A

horizon r

31
Q

which soil horizons make up the topsoil

A

o & a

32
Q

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

A

E&B

33
Q

which soil horizons make up the true soil

A

O,A,E,B

physical science (10 decks)

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