chapter 27.1 Flashcards
weathering the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface
weathering
mixture of weathering rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life
soil
erosion sediment transport
erosion
as rocks weather, erosional agents like water, ice, wind, and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another.
sediment transport
when the erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load in a process
deposition
The land area that gathers water for a major river
drainage basin
The movement of water parallel to the shoreline
longshore current
Do rocks weather at the same rate?
no rocks weather at different rate
what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather
rock type and landscape
what are the two types of weathering
mechanical and chemical
what type of change happens with mechanical weathering
physical changes
what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering
frost wedging, biological activity, and collisions
what causes frost wedging
by water seeping into the cracks and freezing
what is the cycle called during frost wedging
freeze thaw cycle
what causes biological activity
plants and animals
what causes weathering during collisions
when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers
what are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by
oxygen and water
what is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen
oxidation
what is the chemical process called that is caused by water
hydrolysis
what is parent material
the material from which soil forms
what are soil horizons
the different layers of soil
how many soil horizons are there
6
true or false? all soils contain every soil horizon
false
what are the specific soil horizons
o.a.e.b.c.r
what does the first soil horizon contain
organic material
what is the second horizon mostly made up of
minerals
which layer does leaching occur
horizon e
which horizon collects materials from previous horizons
horizon b
which layer is partially weathered bedrock
horizon b
which layer is unweathered bedrock
horizon r
which soil horizons make up the topsoil
o & a
which soil horizons make up the subsoil
E&B
which soil horizons make up the true soil
O,A,E,B
