chapter 25.3 and 25.4 Flashcards
What is the boundary that marks a density change between layers
Discontinuities
How can discontinuity be identified?
By studying seismic waves
What are shadow zones?
Areas where no seismic waves are recorded.
What is another term for shadow zones?
Dead Zone
Between what degrees do shadow zones fall?
105 degrees - 140 degrees
Is the outer core a solid or liquid
Liquid
Is the inner core a solid or liquid
The inner core is a solid because of all the pressure.
What makes up the lithosphere?
The crust and the uppermost mantle
What makes up the lithosphere?
The crust and the uppermost mantle
What is the asthenosphere?
A plastic like layer which earths plate move.
Which elements make up the mantle
Calcium, Aluminum, Iron, and Magnesium
Which elements make up the core?
Iron and Nickel
The measure of a fluids resistance to flow..
Viscosity
A chemical compound silicon dioxide, SiO2, which is a common ingredient in most magma.
Silica
tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meters range, and have short eruption cycles.
Cinder Cone Volcano
Broad, flats structures composed of layer upon layer of lava flows.
Shield Volcanoes
Large and steep-sided, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base, and composed layers of both lava and ash
Composite Volcanoes
what is molten or liquid rock stored in earth called
magma
Where is the ring of fire located
Pacific Ocean
What are 2 specific location where volcanic activity occur do to divergents
East African Rift, and Mid Atlantic ridge
Are hot spots stationary
Yes
if magma has a high viscosity will it contain more or less silica
MORE
What is pyroclastic material
Any solid material that erupts from a volcano
What is the smallest type of pyroclastic material
smallest is ash and the largest is blocks and bombs
What are the types of gases that erupt from a volcano
Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfer dioxide
How are volcanos classified
Size shape and the material
What are the three types of volcanos
Cinder Cone, shield, composite.
An increase in the average temperature of earths near-surface air and ocean
global warning
the warning of the pacific ocean off the coast of western south america that occurs every 3 to 10 years
El nino
occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal`
La Nina
