Chapter 28 Flashcards
our weather takes place in
troposhere
occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable.
temperature inversion
is a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation
greenhouse effect
how are the atmosphere glares divided
differences in composition and temperature
what gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere
nitrogen 78%
what gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere
oxygen
what is the remaining 1% gases in the atmosphere
trace gases and majority is argon
in the troposphere layer does temp increase or decrease with altitude
it decreases
how many layers are within the earths atmosphere
5
what are the names of the atmospheres glares
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
which layer is the ozone layer found in
Stratosphere
What are the 3 basic cloud types
Stratus cumulus and cirrus
Describe stratus clouds
Layered, sheet-like clouds associated with rain
Describe cumulus clouds
Puffy clouds
Describe Cirrus clouds
Wispy clouds
What is the process called here water moves from the land to the atmosphere then eventually comes back
Watercycle
What are the steps of the water cycle
Evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff, infiltration
Does the thermosphere and exosphere affect weather
No
How much solar radiation absorbed by earths surface
50%
How much solar radiation is reflected by land and sea
5%
How much solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere
20%
how much solar radiation is reflected off of the clouds and
other particles
25%
The apparent deflection of an object due to earths rotation
Coriolis effect
A large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout
Air mass
Air masses interact in zones
Weather fronts
A narrow band of fast-moving, high-altitudes air
Jet stream
how many jet streams are there in the world
4
how many pressure-systems are there
2
what is a low pressure system also known as
Low (L)
Which way does the air flow for low pressure system
towards the center
what are some of the results of a low pressure system
causes air to rise, and results in cloud formation and precipitation
what is a high pressure system also known as
high (H)
which way does a high pressure system rotate
clockwise
what is the results of a high pressure system
causes the air to sink which brings clear skies
what are the 4 weather fronts
Cold, warm, stationary, and occluded
how is a cold front created
cold air forces warm air up
how is a cold front represented on a weather forecast
blue triangles
how is warm front represented by a weather forecast
red half circles
how is warm fronts created
warm air rises gently above cold air
how are stationary fronts created
cold and warm air masses meet and can last for days
how are stationary fronts represented by weather forecast
alternating half red circle and blue triangle
how is a occluded front created
fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front
how is occluded represented by weather forecast
alternating purple triangle and half circles
a climate that is strongly affected by an ocean
maritime climate
a climate that is not directly affected by an ocean
continental climate
blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water
sea breeze
What is climate
The long term average of weather conditions
What is weather
The day to day outside conditions
What are the 5 spheres that make up earths system
Biosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere
What is the atmosphere
The air around us
What is the biosphere
Everything living
What is the hydrosphere
Any type of body water
What is cryosphere
Frozen water in snow ice and glacier
What is the lithosphere
Earths outermost layer
What is the primary by factor that influences climate in any location
Latitude
Where is solar radiation greatest most intense on earth
The equator
At what angle do the suns rays hit the tropical zone
90 degrees
What degrees does the sun rays hit the temperate
45 degrees
What angle does the sun rays hit the polar zones
30 degrees
What other factor determines climate
Wind and air pressure
What are other factors that affect climate
Precipitation mountains and bodies of water
What are the conditions like on the windward side
Cool and wet and has lots of vegetations
What are the condition like on the leeward side
Warm and dry air and little to nun vegitation
What is land breeze
Happens at night where wind comes from the land to the water
What are the 2 changes that earths climate undergoes
Seasonal and long term
How do seasonal changes occur
As earth revolves around the sun
Which hemisphere experiences summer
The hemisphere tilted towards the sun
What is the period called when most of earth was covered in ice
Ice age
How long ago did the weather more regular like today
3,000 years ago
What factors can cause a climate change
Change in earths axis
The shape of the orbit
Timing of the seasons
What are human factors that can change climate
Energy consumption
Deforestation
Industrial and ag practice
What is deforestation
The clearing of large areas of forest land
