Chapter 26 Urinary

Question 1

Which kidney is usually the lowest

Answer 1

the right kidney is usually lower

Question 2

what does aldosterone do

Answer 2

increases sodium reabsorption which then increases water reabsorption

Question 3

what is the path of urine drainage once it leaves the nephron ending with the urethra

Answer 3

papillary collecting duct
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
urethra

Question 4

what are the vasa recta o the kidneys

Answer 4

they are the peritubular capillaries that enter the medulla of the kidneys

Question 5

Which nephron descends further into the medulla of the kidney

Answer 5

The juxtaglomerular nephron

Question 6

what is produced by breaking down DNA and RNA

Answer 6

Uric acid

Question 7

when ammonia is combined with CO2 what is the result

Answer 7

Urea

Question 8

where is Urea produced

Answer 8

in the liver

Question 9

what is the main function of the descending loop of henle

Answer 9

to reabsorb water back into the blood

Question 10

what is the main function of the ascending loop of henle

Answer 10

to reabsorb solutes from the filtrate

Question 11

what is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 11

absorbs most of the water and 99% of the nutrients back into the blood

Question 12

what is the function of the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 12

main role is to secrete toxins and H+ ions to control blood pH

Question 13

what in the nephron can variable reabsorption of water and salt occur

Answer 13

Distal tubule and collecting duct if there is ADH present

Question 14

what kind of cells make up the renal corpuscle

Answer 14

simple squamous

Question 15

what kind of cells make up the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 15

cuboidal cells with lots of microvilli

Question 16

what kind of cells make up the thin limb of the loop of henle

Answer 16

simple squamous

Question 17

what kind of cells make up the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle

Answer 17

cuboidal cells

Question 18

what kind of cells make up the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 18

cuboidal cells with few microvilli

Question 19

what do Type A intercalated cells do

Answer 19

they secrete H+ and absorb HCO3 to make sure the blood does not get to acidic

Question 20

What do type B intercalated cells do

Answer 20

they secret bicarbonate ion and absorb H+ to make sure the blood does not become to basic

Question 21

what do Principal cells do

Answer 21

they secrete K+ and absorb H2O which helps prevent dehydration

Question 22

what do intraglomerular mesangial cells do

Answer 22

they control the diameter of the glomerulus capillaries and the size of the filtration slits to control GFR

Question 23

where are macula densa cells located and what do they do

Answer 23

they are cells of the DCT that act as chemo and baroreceptors

Question 24

what do juxtaglomerular cells do and where are they located

Answer 24

they are smooth muscle cells located in the afferent arteriole that secrete EPO and renin in response to low blood pressure

Question 25

Where are extraglomerular cells located

Answer 25

between the afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 26

What does renin do and what stimulates it’s release

Answer 26

it activates angiotensin I

Question 27

what is the function of angiotensin II

Answer 27

promotes vasoconstriction which decreases GFR and stimulates the release of aldosterone and ADH

Question 28

What does ADH do

Answer 28

it tells aquaporin proteins to move to the plasma membrane of the collecting duct cells which makes them more permeable to which then increases water reabsorption