Chapter 26 Urinary Flashcards
Which kidney is usually the lowest
the right kidney is usually lower
what does aldosterone do
increases sodium reabsorption which then increases water reabsorption
what is the path of urine drainage once it leaves the nephron ending with the urethra
papillary collecting duct
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
urethra
what are the vasa recta o the kidneys
they are the peritubular capillaries that enter the medulla of the kidneys
Which nephron descends further into the medulla of the kidney
The juxtaglomerular nephron
what is produced by breaking down DNA and RNA
Uric acid
when ammonia is combined with CO2 what is the result
Urea
where is Urea produced
in the liver
what is the main function of the descending loop of henle
to reabsorb water back into the blood
what is the main function of the ascending loop of henle
to reabsorb solutes from the filtrate
what is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule
absorbs most of the water and 99% of the nutrients back into the blood
what is the function of the distal convoluted tubule
main role is to secrete toxins and H+ ions to control blood pH
what in the nephron can variable reabsorption of water and salt occur
Distal tubule and collecting duct if there is ADH present
what kind of cells make up the renal corpuscle
simple squamous
what kind of cells make up the proximal convoluted tubule
cuboidal cells with lots of microvilli
what kind of cells make up the thin limb of the loop of henle
simple squamous
what kind of cells make up the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle
cuboidal cells
what kind of cells make up the distal convoluted tubule
cuboidal cells with few microvilli
what do Type A intercalated cells do
they secrete H+ and absorb HCO3 to make sure the blood does not get to acidic
What do type B intercalated cells do
they secret bicarbonate ion and absorb H+ to make sure the blood does not become to basic
what do Principal cells do
they secrete K+ and absorb H2O which helps prevent dehydration
what do intraglomerular mesangial cells do
they control the diameter of the glomerulus capillaries and the size of the filtration slits to control GFR
where are macula densa cells located and what do they do
they are cells of the DCT that act as chemo and baroreceptors
what do juxtaglomerular cells do and where are they located
they are smooth muscle cells located in the afferent arteriole that secrete EPO and renin in response to low blood pressure
