Chapter 17 Flashcards
What kind of neuron do the general senses use
unipolar neuron
What kind of neuron do the special senses use
bipolar
what are the three cells of the olfactory epithelium
Olfactory receptors
Supporting columnar epithelium cells
Basal cells
What are the four steps that olfactory info travels
goes from Olfactory Neuron (cranial nerve I) to Mitral cell in Olfactory bulb to the olfactory tract then to the primary olfactory area
What are the three steps of an odorant binding to a receptor in olfaction
- odorant binds to receptor protein and ATP is converted into cyclic AMP
- CAMP opens sodium channels
- If enough sodium channels open an action potential is created
G CAMP Smells Salty
Where is the primary olfactory area
Temporal lobe on both sides of the brain
Why do onions make you cry and your nose run
Because olfactory supporting cells are innervated by facial Nerve VII which also innervates lacrimal and mucous glands
Label the parts of the taste bud
Pink long cells gustatory receptors
Yellow long cells: transitional cells that will become gustatory receptors
Hair looking cells: gustatory hairs that project to the surface through the taste pour
What are the different typed of papillae
Circumvallate Papillae
Fungiform Papillae
Foliate papillae
Where are circumvallate papillae located
in a row at the back of the tongue
where are fungiform papillae located
scattered all over the tongue
What is the purpose of a filiform papillae
they contain tactile receptors but no taste buds and help to move food through the oral cavity
Whare are foliate papilae located
small trenches on the side of the tongue most are gone by adulthood
How do sweet bitter and umami receptors work
they are linked to a G protein called a gustducin which is activated by a food particle and the the gustducin stimulates a 2nd messenger to release neurotransmitter
What are the cranial nerves the innervate the tongue
7, 9, 10
what does cranial nerve 7 innervate
the front 2/3 of the tongue all the way back to the circumvallate papilla
what does cranial nerve 9 innervate on the tongue
innervates the last 1/3 of the tongue and the circumvallate papilla
what does cranial nerve 10 innervate on the tongue
innervates taste buds scattered along the epiglottis
where do cranial nerves 7, 9, 10 synapse to in the brain stem
the solitary nucleus in the medulla oblongata
what is conjunctiva
the specialized epithelium that covers the inner surface of the sys lids and outer surface of the eye
what are the three layers of the eye ball
Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic
Nervous tunic
What is the fibrous tunic composed of
Sclera and cornea
What is the vascular tunic composed of
Choroid (layer filled with blood vessels that supply’s o2 and nutrients), ciliary body (rings shaped muscle that adjust the shape of the lens) and the iris
What is the Nervous tunic composed of
Retna
