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Bio 133 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What kind of neuron do the general senses use

A

unipolar neuron

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2
Q

What kind of neuron do the special senses use

A

bipolar

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3
Q

what are the three cells of the olfactory epithelium

A

Olfactory receptors
Supporting columnar epithelium cells
Basal cells

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4
Q

What are the four steps that olfactory info travels

A

goes from Olfactory Neuron (cranial nerve I) to Mitral cell in Olfactory bulb to the olfactory tract then to the primary olfactory area

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5
Q

What are the three steps of an odorant binding to a receptor in olfaction

A
  1. odorant binds to receptor protein and ATP is converted into cyclic AMP
  2. CAMP opens sodium channels
  3. If enough sodium channels open an action potential is created
    G CAMP Smells Salty
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6
Q

Where is the primary olfactory area

A

Temporal lobe on both sides of the brain

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7
Q

Why do onions make you cry and your nose run

A

Because olfactory supporting cells are innervated by facial Nerve VII which also innervates lacrimal and mucous glands

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8
Q

Label the parts of the taste bud

A

Pink long cells gustatory receptors
Yellow long cells: transitional cells that will become gustatory receptors
Hair looking cells: gustatory hairs that project to the surface through the taste pour

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9
Q

What are the different typed of papillae

A

Circumvallate Papillae
Fungiform Papillae
Foliate papillae

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10
Q

Where are circumvallate papillae located

A

in a row at the back of the tongue

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11
Q

where are fungiform papillae located

A

scattered all over the tongue

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12
Q

What is the purpose of a filiform papillae

A

they contain tactile receptors but no taste buds and help to move food through the oral cavity

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13
Q

Whare are foliate papilae located

A

small trenches on the side of the tongue most are gone by adulthood

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14
Q

How do sweet bitter and umami receptors work

A

they are linked to a G protein called a gustducin which is activated by a food particle and the the gustducin stimulates a 2nd messenger to release neurotransmitter

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15
Q

What are the cranial nerves the innervate the tongue

A

7, 9, 10

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16
Q

what does cranial nerve 7 innervate

A

the front 2/3 of the tongue all the way back to the circumvallate papilla

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17
Q

what does cranial nerve 9 innervate on the tongue

A

innervates the last 1/3 of the tongue and the circumvallate papilla

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18
Q

what does cranial nerve 10 innervate on the tongue

A

innervates taste buds scattered along the epiglottis

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19
Q

where do cranial nerves 7, 9, 10 synapse to in the brain stem

A

the solitary nucleus in the medulla oblongata

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20
Q

what is conjunctiva

A

the specialized epithelium that covers the inner surface of the sys lids and outer surface of the eye

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21
Q

what are the three layers of the eye ball

A

Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic
Nervous tunic

22
Q

What is the fibrous tunic composed of

A

Sclera and cornea

23
Q

What is the vascular tunic composed of

A

Choroid (layer filled with blood vessels that supply’s o2 and nutrients), ciliary body (rings shaped muscle that adjust the shape of the lens) and the iris

24
Q

What is the Nervous tunic composed of

A

Retna

25
Q

label the two cavity’s and two chambers of the eye

A

anterior and posterior cavity which is separated by the lens

Anterior chamber and posterior chamber In Front of the lens but divided by the iris

26
Q

what are the two parts of the ciliary body

A

ciliary process and ciliary muscle

27
Q

What does the ciliary process do

A

secretes aqueous humour

28
Q

what is the liquid in the anterior chamber of the eye called

A

Aqueous humour

29
Q

What is the jelly like substance in the posterior chamber called

A

Vitreous body

30
Q

how does aqueous humour flow through the anterior cavity

A

flows from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber

31
Q

how is aqueous humour drained out of the eye

A

through the scleral venous sinus

32
Q

what is one main difference between aqueous humour and vitreous body

A

aqueous humour is continually replaced while vitreous body is never replaced

33
Q

what is an increase in the curvature of the lens called

A

accommodation

34
Q

a spherical lens would be better for seeing at what distance

A

close up

35
Q

a flat lens would be better for seeing at what distance

A

Close up

36
Q

what is myopia

A

you are nearsighted so you can only see things close up

37
Q

what is hyperopia

A

you are far sighted so can only see things far away

38
Q

What light do rods process

A

dim light conditions and black and white

39
Q

What light do cones see

A

provides color vision in bright conditions

40
Q

what is the exact center of the retina called

A

Macula Lutea

41
Q

what is the process of a rod being stimulated by light

A

Light
Opsin
Transducin
PDE
No CGMP
No Na
No glutamate

42
Q

what is the auricle

A

outside of the ear

43
Q

what are the three bones in the inner ear

A

malleus incus stapes

44
Q

What is the bone labyrinth in the ear

A

the outer layer of bone that makes the snail shape and the three semicircular canals

45
Q

what are the three parts of the bony labyrinth

A

semicircular canals, vestibule and the cochlea

46
Q

what are the two sacs of the vestibule

A

the Utricle and the saccule

47
Q

What are the three internal channels of the cochlea

A

Scala vestibuli scala tympana and cochlear duct

48
Q

What kind of motion does the utricle detect

A

horizontal motion

49
Q

What kind of motion does the saccule detect

A

Vertical motion

50
Q

what is the otolithic membrane

A

membrane with hair cells that have crytals attached that let you sense head position

51
Q

what is the location of the ampulla

A

is is the swollen enlargement at the end of each semicircular canal

52
Q

What does the ampulla let you perceive

A

lets you maintain dynamic equilibrium

Bio 133 (11 decks)

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