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Bio 133 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the parasympathetic division do

A

Slows us down and conserves energy (rest and digest)

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2
Q

What does the sympathetic division do

A

Mobilizes us under extreme conditions (fight or flight)

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3
Q

what are the three neurons called in the pathways of the autonomic NS

A
  1. visceral motor neurons
  2. preganglionic neurons
  3. ganglion/postganglionic neurons
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4
Q

Does the autonomic neuron pathway contain 2 or three neurons

A

3 neurons

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5
Q

What are the two functions that are decreased by the sympathetic division

A

Digestion
urinary function

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6
Q

What is the location of the preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic system

A

Between T1 and L2 of spinal cord in lateral gray horns

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7
Q

What is another name for the sympathetic division

A

Thoracolumbar division because all the cell bodies of the preganglionic neuron are in the thoracic and lumbar region

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8
Q

What are the three different types of ganglia

A
  1. Chain ganglia
  2. Collateral Ganglia
  3. Adrenal Medulla
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9
Q

What do the chain ganglia innervate

A

body Wall, thoracic cavity head neck and limbs

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10
Q

what is a white ramius

A

a branch of the preganglionic neuron that enters the ganglion since the PreGN is myelinated and the postganglionic neuron is not

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11
Q

What is a gray ramius

A

branch that leaves the ganglion that is made up of the postganglionic neurons so it appears more gray since it is not myelinated

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12
Q

What do Collateral ganglia innervate and what makes them different from chain ganglia

A

Innervate abdominopelvic tissue and organs and collateral ganglia are not paired like chain ganglia

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13
Q

What is a splanchnic nerve

A
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14
Q

What are the three collateral ganglia

A

Celiac
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric

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15
Q

what are neuroendocrine cells

A

cells of the adrenal gland that release neurotransmitter that act as hormones which prolongs the SNS effect

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16
Q

what are varicosities

A

Branches of the postganglionic axon in the SNS that contain vesicles with NE or ACh

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17
Q

what are adrenergic neurons

A

neurons that release norepinephrine and epinephrine

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18
Q

What functions does the parasympathetic division increase

A

digestion urinary function salvation glands

19
Q

what is the location of the preganglionic cell bodies in the PSNS

A

cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10, brain stem and sacral segment of the spinal cord

20
Q

Which division is also called the craniosacral division

A

Parasympathetic division

21
Q

What is the location of post ganglionic cell bodies

A
22
Q

What are 4 reasons that sympathetic effects last longer the parasympathetic effects

A
  1. since the adrenal medulla releases E and NE as hormones they circulate for longer
  2. Norepinephrine is broken down slower than acetylcholine
  3. the SNS neurons have more collaterals (branches) off the axon producing more neuro transmitter
  4. There are more receptors for N and NE than for ACh
23
Q

What do preganglionic neurons of the SNS use as neuro transmitter

A

ACh

24
Q

What do postganglionic neurons use as neurotransmitter

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

25
Q

What is a nicotinic receptor

A

Receptor that responds to ACh

26
Q

What is an adrenergic receptor

A

Receptor that responds to norepi and epi

27
Q

what is a muscarinic receptor

A

ACh receptor on an organ

28
Q

What kind of neurotransmitter do alpha receptors respond to

A

Norepinephrine

29
Q

what do A1 receptors do

A

mostly constrict blood vessels and arteries and produce mucus to humidify air

30
Q

What do A2 receptors do

A

mostly inhibits the digestive system

31
Q

What kind of neuro transmitters do beta cells respond to

A

epinephrine

32
Q

What do Beta 1 receptors do

A

increase HR

33
Q

What do Beta 2 receptors do

A

causes vasodilatation to increase blood flow

34
Q

what do Beta 3 receptors do

A

release energy from adipocyte stores

35
Q

What are the 4 parasympathetic ganglia

A

Ciliary
Pterygopalatine
submandibular
Otic
Intramural

36
Q

What organs does the ciliary ganglia target

A

eye muscles

37
Q

What organs does the pterygopalatine ganglia target

A

tear and salivary glands

38
Q

What organs does the submandibular ganglia target

A

tear and salivary glands

39
Q

What organs does the otic ganglia target

A

salivary glands

40
Q

What organs does the Intramural ganglia target

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

41
Q

does the SNS or PSNS have a longer preganglionic neuron

A

PSNS has a longer preganglionic neuron

42
Q

what is the difference between a short reflex and a long reflex

A

a long reflex goes through the spinal cord while a short reflex completely bypasses the spinal cord

43
Q

Are ANS reflexes polysynaptic or monosynaptic

A

polysynaptic even if they are a short or a long reflex they are always polysynaptic

Bio 133 (11 decks)

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