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Bio 133 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the general senses

A

temp
pain
touch
pressure
vibration
proprioception

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2
Q

What are the special senses

A

Olfaction
vision
gustation
balance
hearing

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3
Q

What are Merkel cells/Tactile disks

A

Receptor cells for fine touch and pressure

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4
Q

What are tactile corpuscles/Meissner’s corpuscles

A

For light touch and pressure

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5
Q

what are lamellated corpuscles

A

For deep touch and pressure

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6
Q

What is ruffini corpuscles

A

allows you to feel distortion of the skin

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7
Q

what is receptive field

A

area of the body monitored by one afferent neuron and all its receptors

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8
Q

what is a labeled line

A

pathway that conducts sense info from receptor to specific neuron in the cortex

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9
Q

how does a tonic receptor produce perception

A

always active and change is indicated by frequency of AP

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10
Q

Does a tonic receptor have lots or little peripheral adaptation and what is an example of a sensation that tonic sensor lets you perceive

A

Tonic receptor has LITTLE peripheral adaptation so you don’t get used to the sensation after time ie pain

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11
Q

how does a phasic receptor produce perception

A

not always active and only change when the amount of stimulus changes

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12
Q

Does a phasic receptor have lots or little peripheral adaptation and what is an example of a sensation that tonic sensor lets you perceive

A

Has LOTS of peripheral adaptation so you do get used to the sensation ie smell

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13
Q

What is adaptation in regards to nerves

A

reduction of sensitivity of NS to a constant stimuli

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14
Q

What is peripheral adaptation

A

when the peripheral neuron becomes fatigued and doesn’t transmit as much stimulus due to synaptic fatigue

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15
Q

Central adaptation

A

when the CNS inhibits sensory info from being transported to the cerebral cortex

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16
Q

are nociceptors phasic or tonic

A

Tonic so slow adapting

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17
Q

are thermoreceptors phasic or tonic

A

phasic you can get used to it

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18
Q

Where is the cell body located for a first order neuron

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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19
Q

what are the two places a second order neuron is located in the sensory pathway

A

medulla oblongata or posterior dorsal horn

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20
Q

Where is the cell body located for a third order neuron

A

Thalamus

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21
Q

what are the 4 major somatic sensory pathways

A

Posterior column pathway
Anterior spinothalamic pathway
Lateral spinothalamic pathway
Spinocerebellar pathway

22
Q

What kind of info does the Posterior column pathway relay

A

PPFPV
Posterior
Pressure
Fine touch
proprioception
Vibration

23
Q

what is the origin of the 2nd order neuron in the Posterior column pathway and where does it decussate

A

Medulla oblongata

24
Q

What kind of info does the anterior spinothalamic pathway relay

A

CAP
Crude touch
Anterior
Pressure

25
Q

what is the origin of the 2nd order neuron in the anterior spinothalamic pathway and where does it decussate

A

Posterior dorsal horn of spinal cord

26
Q

What kind of info does the Lateral spinothalamic pathway relay

A

LPT
Lateral
Pain
Temp

27
Q

what is the origin of the 2nd order neuron in the lateral spinothalamic pathway and where does it decussate

A

Posterior dorsal horn of spinal cord

28
Q

What kind of info does the Spinocerebellar pathway relay

A

Proprioception info

29
Q

How many neurons in the spinocerebellar pathway

A

only 2 all the somatic pathways have 3

30
Q

what is the origin of the 2nd order neuron in the spinocerebellar pathway and where does it decussate

A

Dorsal gray horns and some axons decussate and some don’t

31
Q

what is an interreceptor

A

monitors visceral tissue and organs

32
Q

where are the cell body of upper motor neurons

A

In cns processing center

33
Q

what are the two locations of lower motor neuron cell bodies

A

in brain stem or spinal cord

34
Q

what are the three Somatic motor pathways

A

Cortico spinal
Medial
Lateral

35
Q

What does the cortico spinal pathway control

A

Voluntary control over skeletal muscles

36
Q

Is the cortico spinal pathway pyramidal or extra pyramidal

A

Pyramidal

37
Q

What are the three tracts of the Cortico spinal pathway

A

Corticobulbar tract
Lateral corticospinal tract
Anterior corticospinal tract

38
Q

Are the Somatic motor pathways a 2 or 3 neuron pathway

A

just 2 upper and lower motor neurons

39
Q

where are the upper motor neurons of the cortico spinal pathway located

A

originate in the primary motor cortex

40
Q

Where does the corticobulbar tract cross over

A

crosses over in brain stem

41
Q

Where do UMN synapse with LMN in the cortico spinal motor pathway

A

in the anterior gray horn

42
Q

What are the 3 tracts of the Medial pathway

A

Tectospinal Vestibulospinal reticulospinal

43
Q

what does the medial motor pathway control

A

Controls involuntary gross movement of the trunk proximal limbs eye head and neck and also inhibit or facilitate LMN of the corticospinal pathway to modify voluntary control

44
Q

where are the upper motor neurons located in the medial pathway

A

located in brain stem

45
Q

where do most axons cross over in the medial motor pathway

A

most axons cross over immediately except reticlou spinal don’t cross over and some vestibulospinal don’t cross either

46
Q

What are the tracts of the lateral motor pathway

A

Rubro spinal

47
Q

Where are the UMN of the lateral motor pathway located

A

Brain stem

48
Q

where do axons of the Lateral motor pathway cross over

A

immediately in the brain stem

49
Q

What does the lateral motor pathway control

A

Precise and learned movements of the distal upper limbs and inhibits or facilitates lower motor neurons of the corticospinal pathway to modify movement

50
Q

What is indirect basal nuclei operation

A

when the basal nuclei influences thalamic neurons which influences pre motor cortex to adjust upper motor neurons

51
Q

What is direct basal nuclei operation

A

influences centers in the brain stem which influence the excitability of LMN

52
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

Modifies activity of upper motor neurons to generate smooth accurate movement and maintain balance

Bio 133 (11 decks)

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