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Bio 133 > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 types of vessels in the pulmonary system

A

Large Vein
Medium sized vein
Venule
fenestrated capillary

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of vessels in the systemic system

A

elastic artery
Muscular artery
Arteriole
3 types of capillaries

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3
Q

what are the three tunica’s of blood vessels

A

Tunica intima
tunica media
tunica Externa

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3
Q

what are the three tunica’s of blood vessels

A

Tunica intima
tunica media
tunica Externa

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4
Q

what is the structure of the tunica intima on an artery

A

endothelium is rippled due to vasoconstriction and there is an internal elastic membrane

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5
Q

What is the structure of the tunica intima on a vein

A

Endothelium is smooth and there is no internal elastic membrane

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6
Q

What is the structure of the tunica media on an artery

A

thick lots of smooth muscle and external elastic membrane present

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7
Q

What is the structure of the tunica media on an vein

A

Thin mostly smooth muscle with collagen fibers and no external elastic membrane

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8
Q

What is the structure of the tunica externa on an artery

A

Made of collagen and elastic fibers roughly the same thickness as a vein

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9
Q

What is the structure of the tunica externa on an vein

A

collagen and elastic fibers with sporadic smooth muscle cells

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10
Q

which type of artery has the thickest tunica media

A

Muscular artery

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11
Q

Which vessels of the systemic system have a tunica externa

A

Only the muscular arteries and elastic arteries. arteriole and capillaries lack a tunica externa

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12
Q

what would be an example of elastic arteries in the body

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

What is the function of elastic arteries

A

Transport large volume of blood away from the heart
act as a pressure reservoir momentarily storing mechanical energy
dampens pressure changes from contraction

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14
Q

What the function of Muscular arteries

A

Carry blood to skeletal muscles and organs

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15
Q

why can diffusion occur in capillaries

A

because there is an absence of tight junctions except for in the blood brain barrier

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16
Q

What are the three types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoid

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17
Q

What substances can diffuse out of continuous capillaries

A

Water ions amino acids and lipid soluble substances

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18
Q

What can diffuse out of fenestrated capillaries and where would they be found

A

solutes and peptides
found in small intestine endocrine gland

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19
Q

What can diffuse out of sinusoid capillaries and where would they be found

A

WBC plasma proteins
Found in the liver and the spleen

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20
Q

what is arterial anastomosis

A

when two arterioles connect together to provide a backup for each other

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21
Q

What is the function of the precapillary sphincter

A

Constrict and dilates to divert flow to other branches

22
Q

Which tunicas does a venule have

A

Tunica externa and tunica intima NO tunica media

23
Q

Why are veins called capacitance vessels

A

Since veins are more distensible than arteries they can accommodate large changes in blood volume

24
Q

What percentage of the blood is located in the veins

A

64% of all blood

25
Q

What are 5 factors influencing venous blood return to the heart

A

Low pressure in right atria
Gravity (makes it harder)
Sympathetic input (venoconstriction)
Muscular pump (ie valves)
Respiratory pump

26
Q

What is the change in pressure from large arteries to vena cava

A

65 mm Hg

27
Q

What is the blood pressure at arterial side of capillary

A

35 mm Hg

28
Q

What is the blood pressure at the venous side of capillary

A

18 mm Hg

29
Q

What three factors make up Total Peripheral Resistance

A

Vascular resistance
Blood viscosity
Turbulence

30
Q

A 2 x change in diameter to a vessel results in how much of a change in resistance

A

16x change in resistance

31
Q

What is vascular resistance

A

friction between blood and vessel walls due to length and diameter

32
Q

what is the equation for blood flow

A

Blood Flow = Change in pressure / peripheral resistance

33
Q

What’s the equation for pulse pressure

A

Pulse pressure= Systolic - diastolic pressure

34
Q

What is the equation for MAP

A

MAP= Diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure/3)

35
Q

What is the equation for Cardiac output

A

CO= HR x SV

36
Q

during exercise do arterioles vasodilate or constrict

A

They would vasodilate to increase blood flow

37
Q

What is local dilation of arterioles caused by

A

Waste products of skeletal muscles
increase in nitric oxide levels from vascular endothelium
increased temperature

38
Q

What is arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries that makes them less elastic increasing TPR and leads to higher blood pressure

39
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Build up of fatty plaques which increases TPR and blood pressure

40
Q

What are the four ways that substances move across capillary walls

A

Diffusion
Filtration
Reabsorption
Pinocytosis

41
Q

What are the 4 ways that substances diffuse across a membrane

A

Between intercellular clefts
through cell membranes
through fenestrations
Exocytosis and endocytosis

42
Q

If a substance had a higher osmotic pressure would water more likely move in or out

A

IN the higher the osmotic pressure the more water wants to move into the substance

43
Q

What is IHP usually equal to and where does it move fluid

A

usually IHP is 0 along the whole capillary but it may move fluid into the blood vessels

44
Q

what is Net hydrostatic pressure

A

Blood pressure

45
Q

What is blood colloid osmotic pressure

A

Tendency of fluid to move into the blood because of the protein in it

46
Q

What is the coloid osmatic pressure of interstitial fluid

A

Usually 0 since interstitial fluid lacks protein

47
Q

What are the main functions for cap filtration

A

Ensures mixing and exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid
helps regulate blood pressure

48
Q

What 3 inputs influence the cardiovascular center

A

Baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, coretex

49
Q

If blood pressure increases do Baroreceptors increase or decrease firing rate

A

they increase firing rate

50
Q

where are the three most important baroreceptors located

A

Carotid sinus
aortic sinus
Wall of right atrium

51
Q

Which baroreceptors detect high pressure and lower SNS response

A

The carotid sinus and aortic sinus

52
Q

which baro receptor detects high pressure and increases SNS response

A

The baroreceptor on the wall of the right atrium

53
Q

Where are chemoreceptors located that detect levels of chemicals in blood

A

In the aorta and carotid sinus

Bio 133 (11 decks)

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