Chapter 26 - Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Do any of these diseases involve endo or exotoxins?

Answer 1

NO!

Question 2

Is urine sterile?

Answer 2

Heck no

Question 3

What is cystitis?

Answer 3

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Question 4

Why is cystitis more common in females?

Answer 4

-they have a shorter urethra so bacteria travels easier to the bladder
-they also have an easier entry point for bacteria (urethra is near anus)

Question 5

What are the symptoms of cystitis?

Answer 5

-dysuria (painful urination)
-pyuria (pus/leukocytes in urine)

Question 6

75% of cystitis is cause by ________ and the other 25% is caused by _________

Answer 6

E. coli; Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Question 7

Which form of the cystitis infection is more dangerous?

Answer 7

E. coli

Question 8

What is honeymoon cystitis?

Answer 8

-UTI caused by sexual intercourse

Question 9

What % of female cystitis infections are caused by sexual intercourse?

Answer 9

33%

Question 10

Contraceptive use is associated with cystitis is females or males?

Answer 10

females

Question 11

What does cystitis in males often cause?

Answer 11

-enlarged prostate gland
-impeded urine flow

Question 12

What is used to treat cystitis?

Answer 12

trimethoprim-sulfamethexazole

Question 13

What is urethritis?

Answer 13

inflammation of the urethra

Question 14

What is pyelonephritis?

Answer 14

inflammation of one or both kidneys

Question 15

What pathogen causes pyelonephritis?

Answer 15

E. coli

Question 16

Pyelonephritis happens in 25% of untreated _______ cases

Answer 16

cystitis

Question 17

Symptoms of Pyelonephritis

Answer 17

-fever
-chills
-nausea
-vomiting
-back pain

Question 18

What occurs in chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 18

-scar tissue on kidneys impairs their function

Question 19

What is a symptom of chronic pyelonephritis?

Answer 19

excessive sweating

Question 20

What antibiotic is used to treat pyelonephritis?

Answer 20

cephalosporins

Question 21

What pathogen causes gonorrhea?

Answer 21

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 22

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 22

-gram-negative
-diplococci
-attach via fimbriae

Question 23

Where does gonorrhea attach?

Answer 23

oral or urogenital mucosa

Question 24

What is “the drip”?

Answer 24

-a symptom of gonorrhea in males
-pus discharge with microbes in it

Question 25

What is a possible result of gonorrhea in males?

Answer 25

-infection moves upwards and impedes testicular function -can lead to sterility

Question 26

Which region of the female does gonorrhea affect?

Answer 26

cervical region

Question 27

Symptoms of Gonorrhea in Females

Answer 27

-females are mostly asymptomatic -burning cervix -difficulty urinating

Question 28

If gonorrhea moves upward in females it can lead to...

Answer 28

-transmission to baby if pregnant

Question 29

Neonatal Gonorrheal Opthalmia

Answer 29

blindness in newborns

Question 30

How does pharyngeal gonorrhea occur?

Answer 30

oral sex transmission

Question 31

How does anal gonorrhea occur?

Answer 31

-anal sex -spread from genitals

Question 32

If untreated gonorrhea can lead to...

Answer 32

-endocarditis -meningitis -arthritis

Question 33

How is gonorrhea treated?

Answer 33

-cephalosporins -fluoroquinolones

Question 34

How is gonorrhea diagnosed?

Answer 34

-gram stain -ELISA -PCR

Question 35

What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Answer 35

term form any extensive bacterial infection of the female pelvic organs

Question 36

What are serious complications of PID?

Answer 36

-fallopian tube rupture -sterility

Question 37

PID is a polymicrobial infection meaning...

Answer 37

-it can be caused by many bateria -usually N. gonorrhoea and Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 38

Salpingitis

Answer 38

-infection of the uterine tubes -most serious form of PID

Question 39

PID can lead to an ________ pregnancy (Hint: in uterine tube)

Answer 39

ectopic

Question 40

What is PID treated using?

Answer 40

-doxycycline and cefoxitin

Question 41

What is nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)?

Answer 41

any inflammation of the urethra not caused by N. gonorrhoeae

Question 42

What are the symptoms of NGU?

Answer 42

-painful urination -water discharge -PID

Question 43

What usually causes NGU?

Answer 43

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 44

How is NGU diagnosed?

Answer 44

-culturing -PCR

Question 45

How is NGU treated?

Answer 45

-doxycycline -azithromycin

Question 46

What bacteria causes syphilis?

Answer 46

Treponema palladium

Question 47

Where does syphilis invade?

Answer 47

mucosa or skin breaks

Question 48

Primary Stage Syphilis

Answer 48

-chancre (pus filled sore) -bacteria has spread to CV and lymphatic system

Question 49

Where does the chancre infect women?

Answer 49

cervix

Question 50

Secondary Stage Syphilis

Answer 50

-oral sores -skin rash all over body (even palms and soles) -fever, lethargy, weakness, hair loss

Question 51

How is syphilis spread?

Answer 51

-sexual intercourse -asexually (ie. contact with healthcare staff)

Question 52

Latent Syphilis

Answer 52

-no symptoms -danger of congenital infection (damage to fetus)

Question 53

What is the frequency of syphilis cases entering the tertiary stage?

Answer 53

25% of untreated cases after many years of latent phase

Question 54

What is tertiary syphilis classified by?

Answer 54

-Gummas lesions on skin and organs

Question 55

What is used to treat syphilis?

Answer 55

benzathine penicillin