HLSC 124 - Microbiology for Health Professionals > Chapter 11 - The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea Flashcards

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1
Q

Proteobacteria

A

-gram-negative bacteria
-five subclasses: alpha, beta, gamma, delta (no examples), and epsilon

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2
Q

Alphaproteobacteria

A

-capable of growth in low levels of nutrients

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3
Q

Ricksettia ricksetti (๐›‚ 1/1)

A

-gram-negative
-alphaproteobacteria
-rods/coccobacilli
-aerobic
-spread by insect and tick bites (a parasite)
-enter by phagocytosis and divide by binary fission
-cause spotted fever which can damage the cardiovascular system and in the worst case damages heart valves

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4
Q

Betaproteobacteria

A

-mostly important pathogenic bacteria
-use nutrients to diffuse away from areas of anaerobic decomposition (hydrogen gas, ammonia, methane)

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5
Q

Bordetella pertussis (ฮฒ 1/3)

A

-gram-negative
-betaproteobacteria
-rods
-aerobic
-have a capsule
-cause pertussis (whooping cough)

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6
Q

Neisseria meningitis (ฮฒ 2/3)

A

-gram-negative
-betaproteobacteria
-diplococci
-aerobic
-have a capsule
-cause meningitis

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7
Q

Neisseria gonorroeae (ฮฒ 3/3)

A

-gram-negative
-betaproteobacteria
-diplococci
-aerobic
-have a capsule
-cause the STD gonorrhoea
-have fimbriae

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8
Q

Gammaproteobacteria

A

-largest subgroup of proteobacteria
-subgroups include: pseudomonadales, legionellales, vibrionales, enterobacteriales, and haemophilus influenza

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9
Q

๐›พ: A. Pseudomonadales

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-rods or cocci
-pseudomonas aeruginosa and moraxella lacunata

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10
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (๐›พ: A 1/2)

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-a pseudomonadale
-rods
-aerobic
-have flagella (monotrichous/lopotrichous)
-secrete blue/green pigment
-pus in burn victims
-UTIs
-septicemia
-pink eye (conjuctavitis)
-food spoilage (they are adaptable psychotrophs)
-popular in hospital contracted infections

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11
Q

Moraxella lacunata (๐›พ: A 2/2)

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-a pseudomonadale
-coccobacilli
-aerobic
-cause pink eye/conjunctivitis

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12
Q

๐›พ: B. Legionellales

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-rods
-aerobic
-grow easily on artificial media
-legionella pneumophile and coxiella burnetii

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13
Q

Legionella pneumophile (๐›พ: B 1/2)

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-a legionellale
-rods
-aerobic
-spread by water source (ie. ac units, humidifiers, hot water tank, shower head)
-cause Legionaires disease and pontiac fever

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14
Q

Coxiella burnetti (๐›พ: B 2/2)

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-a legionellale
-rods
-aerobic
-are the only gram-negative bacteria to have endospores
-spread through domesticated animals
-cause Q fever (mild pneumonia)

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15
Q

๐›พ: C. Vibrionales

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-rods
-facultative anaerobes
-found mostly in aquatic habitats

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16
Q

Vibrio cholerae (๐›พ: C 1/1)

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-a vibrionale
-curved rods (vibrio)
-facultative anaerobes
-have monotrichous flagella
-cause cholera (diarrhea)

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17
Q

๐›พ: D. Enteriobacteriales

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-rods
-facultative anaerobes
-have perotrichous falgella
-inhabit intestinal regions in humans and animals
-aka enterics
-most are fermenters
-produce bacteriocin that destroy other harmful species
-E. coli, two types of salmonella, and shigella

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18
Q

Escherichia coli (๐›พ: D 1/4)

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteira
-enteriobacteriales
-rods
-facultative anaerobes
-highly researched
-used as regulatory agencies (coliform bacteria) to measure water purity
-traveleres diarrhea
-food infections (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)
-UTIs

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19
Q

Salmonella enterica (๐›พ: D 2/4)

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-enteriobacteriale
-rods
-facultative anaerobes
-spread via a food source
-attack GI tract

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20
Q

Salmonella typhi (๐›พ: D 3/4)

A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-enteriobacteriale
-rods
-facultative anaerobes
-spread via humans
-lifelong carriers
-causes thyphoid fever

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21
Q

Shigella dysenteriae (๐›พ: D 4/4)

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A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-enteriobacteriale
-rods
-facultative anaerobes
-shiga toxin (destroys GI cells and leaves scar)
-common in daycares

22
Q

๐›พ: E. Haemophilus influenza

Study These Flashcards
A

-gram-negative
-gammaproteobacteria
-coccobacilli
-have a capsule
-aerobic
-grow in chocolate agar
-meningitis
-otitis media
-pneumonia
-NOT influenza

23
Q

Chocolate Agar

Study These Flashcards
A

-bacteria require blood in their culture medium
-unable to synthesize parts of cytochrome needed for respiration
-obtain substances from blood

24
Q

X Factor

Study These Flashcards
A

-heme fraction of hemoglobin in blood
-cytochrome

25
V Factor
-provides NAD supply for ETC
26
Epsilonproteobacteria (ฯต)
-gram-negative -helical or curved rods -move by flagella -microaerophilic -helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni
27
Helicobacter pylori (ฯต 1/2)
-gram-negative -epsilonproteobacteria -vibrio (curved rods) -microaerophilic -have peritrichous flagella -cause peptic ulcers
28
Campylobacter jejuni (ฯต 2/2)
-gram-negative -epsilonproteobacteria -vibrio (curved rods) -microaerophilic -have monotrichous flagella -cause gastrogenteritis (from milk, meat, water)
29
Chlamydiae
-gram-negative -non-proteobacteria -don't contain peptidoglycan in their cell calls
30
Chlamydia trachomatis
-gram-negative -non-proteobacteira -coccobacillus -aerobic -spread via air or contact -unique life cycle -trachoma (eye infection) -Nongonococcal urethritis (NUG - an STD) -Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV - an STD)
31
Life Cycle of C. trachomatis
-48 hours long -the infective part is the elementary body -uses receptor mediated endocytosis -the reticulate body matures the elementary body
32
Bacteroidetes
-gram-negative -non-proteobacteria -perfectly shaped rods -obligate anaerobes -gingivitis -peritonitis (GI inflammation)
33
Fusobacteria
-gram-negative -non-proteobacteria -often pleomorphic but are usually spindle shaped rods -obligate anaerobes -gingivitis (not as deep as bacteriodetes)
34
Treponema Pallidum (Spirochaetes)
-gram-negative -non-proteobacteria -coiled, spring shape -move by axial filaments -cause syphilis -grown in-vivo (rabbits)
35
Gram-Positive Bacteria
-divided in two groups: high (firmicutes) and low (actinobacteria) G + C ratio
36
Clostridium
-gram-positive -firmicute -clostridiale -rod shaped (lollipop rods) -obligate anaerobes -have endospores -abundant in soil -C. tetani, tetanus -C. botulinum, botulism -C. perfringens, gangrene -C. difficile, diarrhea (nosocomial)
37
Bacillus anthracis
-gram-positive -firmicute -bacillale -rods -facultative anaerobe -endospores -abundant in soil -causes anthrax (9/11 bio weapon)
38
Staphylococcus aureus
-gram-positive -firmicute -staphylococci -golden colonies -facultative anaerobes -grow in special medium -skin infections: sty, TSS, food poisoning, S. saprophyticus (UTI)
38
Lactobacillales
-lactic acid producing -lack cytochrome system and can't use Oโ‚‚ as final ETC acceptor -aerotolerant
39
Lactobacillus sp.
-gram-positive -firmicute -lactobacillale -rods -aerotolerant -non-pathogenic -commercial use: food production -female health: puberty, create sterile vaginal region, digests sugars brought by estrogen -pregnancy: increase microbes, first contact between mom and baby builds immune system
40
Streptococcus pyogenes
-gram-positive -firmicute -lactobacillale -aerotolerant -spherical, appear in chains -Beta-hemolytic, produce clear zone on blood agar -skin infections -strep throat -rheumatic fever -scarlet fever -otitis media -attach via M protein (allow bacteria to avoid phagocytosis)
41
Streptococcus mutins
-gram-positive -firmicute -lactobacillale -alpha-hemolytic, when colony grows on blood agar the colonies are surrounded by green -change hemoglobin into methemoglobin -appear in chains -cause dental decay -attach via capsule
42
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-gram-positive -firmicute -lactobacillale -alphahemolytic -cause pneumonia -have capsule -cause meningitis -otitis media -found in pairs
43
Listeria monocytogenes
-gram-positive -firmicute -lactobacillale -rods -facultative anaerobes -psychotroph: food spoilage -grow in immune system cells -causes listeriosis, suppresses immune system and can lead to meningitis -dangerous during pregnancy
44
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium
-gram-positive -firmicute -lactobacillale -facultative anaerobes -hardy, hospital acquired infections (surgical wounds, catheter, UTI)
45
Tenericutes
-includes wall-less bacteria called mycoplasmas -highly plepmorphic -can produce filaments that resemble fungi
46
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-gram-positive -tenericute -mycoplasma -have no cell wall -have sterols -fried egg colonies -pleomorphic -cause walking pneumonia (treatment: attack protein synthesis not cell wall, tetracycline antibiotics) -grow fast and can contaminate other samples in labs
47
Mycobacterium sp.
-gram-positive -actinobacteria -rods -aerobic -non-endospore forming -use acid fast stain -slow growth, won't see colonies for 4-6 weeks due to slow nutrient entrance and long lag phase -resistant to desiccation, antiseptics, antibiotics -cause TB and leprosy
48
Corynebacterium diptheriae
-gram-positive -actinobacteria -rods -facultative anaerobes -pleomorphic: picket fence or Chinese alphabet -cause diphtheria, upper respiratory tract infection and create a pseudomembrane (leather like film)
49
Propionibacterium sp.
-gram-positive -actinobacteria -fermenters -swiss cheese -nutty flavour due to propionic acid -holes due to CO2
50
Propionibacterium acnes
-gram-positive -actinobacteria -propionibacterium -rods -not a fermenter -cause acne -grows where sebaceous glands are -hormones feed the bacteria -benzoyl peroxide treats

HLSC 124 - Microbiology for Health Professionals (18 decks)

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