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Final Exam > Chapter 26 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Digestive system

A

Ingestion
Mixing and propulsion
Digestion
Defecation

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2
Q

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a…

A

Tube through which good pass and where digestion and absorption occur.

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3
Q

The Gastrointestinal tract includes?

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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4
Q

Accessory organs is a..

A

Organs that help in digestion but through which food never passes.

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5
Q

Accessory organs include?

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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6
Q

Four layers of gastrointestinal (GI) wall?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
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7
Q

Mucosa

A

Inner lining of track, foods due to contractions, lymphatic nodules present

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8
Q

Submucosa

A

Contains blood and lymph vessels, neurons attached to (ENS)

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9
Q

Muscularis

A

Thick layer of muscles, smooth and skeletal (swallowing)

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10
Q

Serosa

A

Outer layer around organs of GI, secrets slippery wet fluid

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11
Q

Formed by cheeks tongue, hard palate, soft palate.

A

Mouth

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12
Q

During swallowing blocks entry of food or drink to nasal cavity

A

Uvula

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13
Q

Muscular accessory organ, maneuvers food for chewing, adjust shape for speech and swallowing.

A

Tongue

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14
Q

Lies at the base of the tongue

A

Lingual tonsils

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15
Q

Organs of digestion that lie outside the mouth and release their secretions into ducts emptying into oral cavity

A

Salivary glands

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16
Q

Three pairs of salivary glands

A

Parotid- largest, anterior
Submandibular- floor of mouth
Sublingual- inferior to tongue

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17
Q

Starts digestion of starch

A

Salivary amylase

18
Q

Accessory digestive organs located in bony socket of the mandible and maxillae

A

Teeth

19
Q

Chewing or mastication

A

Mechanical digestion

20
Q

Salivary amylase (enzyme) breaks down polysaccharides (starch)- maltose and large fragments

A

Chemical digestion

21
Q

Muscular tube lined with stratified squamous epithelium that lies posterior to trachea

A

Esophagus

22
Q

Upper esophageal sphincter regulates..

A

Movement of food into esophagus

23
Q

Lower esophageal regulates…

A

Movement of food into stomach

24
Q

Swallowing 3 stages?

A

Voluntary stage
Pharyngeal stage
Esophageal stage

25
Q

Swallowing- voluntary stage?

A

Bolus forced into Oropharynx

26
Q

Swallowing- pharyngeal stage?

A

Prevent food from entering nasopharynx and larynx

27
Q

Swallowing- esophageal stage?

A

Food pushed through esophagus by process called peristalsis

28
Q

J- shaped enlargement of GI tract directly below the diaphragm? Mixing chamber holding reservoir.

A

Stomach

29
Q

Four regions of stomach?

A

Cardia- surrounds upper opening
Fundus- superior and to left of cardia
Body- large central portion
Pylorus- lower part leading to pyloric sphincter

30
Q

Four layers of stomach?

A

Mucosa
Secretory cells
Muscularis
serous membrane

31
Q

Food mixed with juice is..

A

Chyme

32
Q

Main event of chemical digestion in stomach is the beginning of protein digestion by enzyme called?

A

Pepsin

33
Q

Forces small amount of chyme through the partially closed pyloric sphincter into duodenum a process called?

A

Gastric emptying

34
Q

Located behind stomach, secretions help digestion, also produces hormone insulin

A

Pancreas

35
Q

Clear colorless liquid that consist mostly of water, some salts, sodium bicarbonate, and enzymes

A

Pancreatic juice

36
Q

2nd largest organ in the body?

A

Liver- weighs 1.4 kg

37
Q

Pear shaped sac that hangs inferiorly from the posterior surface of the liver

A

Gallbladder

38
Q

Major functional cells of the liver that perform metabolic, secretory, and endocrine functions.

A

Hepatocytes

39
Q

Small ducts between hepatocytes that collect bile

A

Bile canaliculi

40
Q

Permeable capillaries with phagocytic kuppfer cells are between cells

A

Sinsusoids

Final Exam (11 decks)

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