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Final Exam > Chapter 25.1 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 25.1 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Between visceral and parietal pleura, barrow space, contains Lubricating fluid.

A

Pleural cavity

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2
Q

Left lung indentation, which the heart lies, makes right lung 10% smaller.

A

Cardiac notch

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3
Q

Terminal bronchioles subdivided into microscopic branches called?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

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4
Q

Respiratory bronchioles are lined with?

A

Nonciliated epithelium

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5
Q

Cup-shaped our-pouching of an alveolar sac is called?

A

alveolus

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6
Q

Alveoli are composed of three types of cells..

A

Type I alveolar cells- main sites of gas exchange. (Simple squamous)

Type II alveolar (septal) cells- secrete alveolar fluid, keeps surface between cells moist.

Alveolar macrophages(dust cells)- wandering phagocytes, remove dust partials and debris.

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7
Q

Mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins that reduces the tendency of alveoli to collapse also humidifies..

A

Surfactant surfactant

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8
Q

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between air spaces in the lungs and blood takes place by diffusion across the alveolar and capillary walls. These structures form..

A

Respiratory membrane

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9
Q

The flow of air between the atmosphere and the lungs, occurs due to differences in air pressure.

A

Pulmonary ventilation

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10
Q

Contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles create..

A

Air pressure changes that power breathing

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11
Q

Breathing in is called?

A

Inhalation or inspiration

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12
Q

Diaphragm + external intercostals contract, diaphragm descends, and lung volume expands.

A

Inhalation

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13
Q

Diaphragm and external intercostals relax causes..

A

Exhalation or expiration

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14
Q

Diaphragm relaxes and rises, lung volume decreases, external intercostals relax, lung volume decreases..

A

Exhalation

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15
Q

Exhaling forcefully is called?

A

Active exhalation

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16
Q

Examples of active exhalation are?

A

Playing wind instrument, exercise and blowing out a candle.

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17
Q

Inverse relationship between volume and pressure.

A

Boyle’s law- as lung volume increases alveolar pressure decreases, vice versa

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18
Q

While at rest a healthy adult breaths about?

A

12 times a minute

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19
Q

Tidal volume (tv)=

A

Volume moved in one breath

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20
Q

Minute ventilation total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute. Equation?

A

(MV)= f x TV= 6000

21
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume.. equation?

A

(IRV)= volume of air that can be inhaled beyond tidal volume (TV)

22
Q

Expiratory reserve volume.. equation?

A

(ERV)= Volume of air that can be exhaled beyond TV

23
Q

Air remaining in lungs after a maximum expiration=

A

Residual volume (RV)

24
Q

Inspiratory capacity=

A

TV + IRV

25
Q

Functional residual capacity(FRC)=

A

RV + ERV

26
Q

Vital capacity (VC)=

A

IRV + TV + ERV

27
Q

Total lung capacity (TLC)=

A

VC + RV

28
Q

Eupnea=

A

Normal breathing

29
Q

Coastal breathing=

A

Shallow breathing, with rib movement

30
Q

Deep breathing=

A

Diaphramic breathing

31
Q

Respiration can modify what in humans?

A

Speech and emotional responses

32
Q

Respiration can clear airways by?

A

Coughing and sneezing

33
Q

Sum of all partial pressures=

A

Atmospheric pressure

34
Q

O2 diffuses from blood to cells down…

A

Partial pressure gradient

35
Q

Po2 lower in cells than in blood because?

A

O2 used in cellular metabolism

36
Q

What % of blood O2 is bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells?

A

98.5 %

37
Q

Tissue release of O2 to cells is increased by?

A

Factors during exercise

38
Q

In the medulla oblongata controls the basic rhythm of respiration.

A

Medullary rhythmcity

39
Q

Nerve signals to inspiratory muscles last for about ?

A

2 seconds

40
Q

Expiratory center active only during ?

A

Forceful breathing

41
Q

Expiratory area remain inactive during?

A

Quiet breathing

42
Q

Cortical input is..

A

Voluntary adjustment on breathing patterns. For cessation or while swimming.

43
Q

Chemoreceptor input to..

A

Increase ventilation

44
Q

Respiration can be stimulated by..

A

Limbic system, proprioception, and increase of body temp

45
Q

Apnea means

A

Stop breathing

46
Q

Crackles or Rales=

A

Fluid in the small airways

47
Q

Caused by secretion in larger airways or obstructions, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis

A

Rhonchi

48
Q

Narrowing of air passage- asthma, congestive heart failure.

A

Wheezes

Final Exam (11 decks)

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