Chapter 24.2 Lymphatic System Flashcards
Disease-producing exposure agents in our internal and external environment
Pathogens
Ability to ward off damage or disease through
Immunity or resistance
Vulnerability or lack of resistance is termed?
Susceptibility
Defense present at birth, fast, non-specific and no memory cannot recall previous foreign molecule.
Innate immunity
Innate immunity first line of defense
Physical and chemical barriers of the skin, and mucous membrane
Innate immunity second line of defense
Antimicrobial substances, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, and fever.
Refers to defenses that involve specific recognition of a microbe once it has breached the innate immunity defenses. Has memory
Adaptive immunity
The body system responsible for adaptive immunity?
Lymphatic system ( garbage drainage)
Adaptive immunity involves
T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
The lymphatic system consist of
Lymph, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissues
Specialized form of reticular connective tissue hat contains large numbers of lymphocytes.
Lymphatic tissue
After interstitial fluid passes into lymphatic vessels (thick) it’s called?
Lymph
Each day , about _______ of fluid filter from blood into tissue spaces.
20 liters
About ____ of fluid filtered daily from arterial end of blood capillaries to venous end of capillaries.
17 liters
Lymphatic system 3 primary functions
Draining excess interstitial fluid.
Transporting dietary lipids.
Carrying out immune response.
Lymphatic vessels begin as?
Lymphatic capillaries
Larger than blood capillaries, permits interstitial fluid to flow into them, but not out.
Lymphatic capillaries
What happens when pressure is greater in interstitial fluid than in lymph?
Cells separate and interstitial fluid enters lymphatic capillary.
When pressure is greater inside the lymphatic capillary?
Cells adhere more closely and lymph can not escape back into interstitial fluid.
Located at intervals along lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Masses of B cells and T cells that are surrounded by a capsule?
Lymph nodes
Lymph eventually passes into one of two main channels..
Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
The thoracic duct, the main lymph collecting duct, receives lymph from the ..
Left side of the head, neck and chest; left upper limbs; and entire body below the ribs
The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from…
The upper right side of the body
Thoracic duct empties its lymph into the junction of the..
Left internal jugular and left subclavian veins.
Right lymphatic duct empties it’s lymph into the junction of the…
Right internal jugular and right subclavian.
Two pumps that maintain flow of lymph?
Skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump.
Condition that occurs when the pathways of the lymphatic system are blocked.
Lymphedema
Sites where stem cells divide and develop into mature B cells and T cells, include red bone marrow and the thymus.
Primary lymphatic organs and tissues
Two-lobed organ located posterior to the sternum, medial to the lungs, and superior to the heart.
Thymus
Site where most immune responses occur, include lymph nodes, the spleen, and lymphatic nodules.
Secondary lymphatic organs and tissues.
The thymus contains large numbers of..
T cells, scattered dendrite cells and macrophages.
Thymic macrophages help?
Clear out the debris of dead and dying cells.
Lymph nodes are heavenly concentrated near the?
Mammary glands, axillae and groin
Single largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body..
Spleen
Lymphatic tissue, consisting mostly of lymphocytes and macrophages.
White pulp lymphatic tissue
Consist of red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and leukocytes.
Red pulp
Within the red pulp the spleen performs three functions related to blood cells…
(1) destroys worn or defective blood cells & platelets.
(2) storage of platelets
(3) creation of RBCs ( fetal hemopoiesis)
Removal of spleen?
Splenectomy
Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule.
Lymphatic nodules
The epithelial layer secrets a fluid that moistens the surface of a body cavity, traps microbes and foreign substances.
Mucous membranes
Physical and chemical barriers are found in?
The skin
Mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes and mucus in the stomach, destroys many bacteria and most bacterial toxins.
Gastric juices
Lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblast infected with viruses produce? Interfere with viral reproduction of a cell.
Interferons
Enhance other immune actions, break cell membranes, attract phagocytes.
Complement system
Bind iron and starve bacteria
Transferrins
Short peptides that have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Lose microbes
Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs)
Specialized cells that Perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or cellular debris.
Phagocytes
Two main types of macrophages
Neutrophils and monocytes
When infection occurs, neutrophils and macrophages..
Migrate to the affected area
