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Final Exam > Chapter 24.2 Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 24.2 Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Disease-producing exposure agents in our internal and external environment

A

Pathogens

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2
Q

Ability to ward off damage or disease through

A

Immunity or resistance

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3
Q

Vulnerability or lack of resistance is termed?

A

Susceptibility

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4
Q

Defense present at birth, fast, non-specific and no memory cannot recall previous foreign molecule.

A

Innate immunity

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5
Q

Innate immunity first line of defense

A

Physical and chemical barriers of the skin, and mucous membrane

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6
Q

Innate immunity second line of defense

A

Antimicrobial substances, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, and fever.

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7
Q

Refers to defenses that involve specific recognition of a microbe once it has breached the innate immunity defenses. Has memory

A

Adaptive immunity

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8
Q

The body system responsible for adaptive immunity?

A

Lymphatic system ( garbage drainage)

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9
Q

Adaptive immunity involves

A

T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

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10
Q

The lymphatic system consist of

A

Lymph, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissues

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11
Q

Specialized form of reticular connective tissue hat contains large numbers of lymphocytes.

A

Lymphatic tissue

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12
Q

After interstitial fluid passes into lymphatic vessels (thick) it’s called?

A

Lymph

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13
Q

Each day , about _______ of fluid filter from blood into tissue spaces.

A

20 liters

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14
Q

About ____ of fluid filtered daily from arterial end of blood capillaries to venous end of capillaries.

A

17 liters

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15
Q

Lymphatic system 3 primary functions

A

Draining excess interstitial fluid.
Transporting dietary lipids.
Carrying out immune response.

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16
Q

Lymphatic vessels begin as?

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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17
Q

Larger than blood capillaries, permits interstitial fluid to flow into them, but not out.

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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18
Q

What happens when pressure is greater in interstitial fluid than in lymph?

A

Cells separate and interstitial fluid enters lymphatic capillary.

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19
Q

When pressure is greater inside the lymphatic capillary?

A

Cells adhere more closely and lymph can not escape back into interstitial fluid.

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20
Q

Located at intervals along lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph nodes

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21
Q

Masses of B cells and T cells that are surrounded by a capsule?

A

Lymph nodes

22
Q

Lymph eventually passes into one of two main channels..

A

Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct

23
Q

The thoracic duct, the main lymph collecting duct, receives lymph from the ..

A

Left side of the head, neck and chest; left upper limbs; and entire body below the ribs

24
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from…

A

The upper right side of the body

25
Q

Thoracic duct empties its lymph into the junction of the..

A

Left internal jugular and left subclavian veins.

26
Q

Right lymphatic duct empties it’s lymph into the junction of the…

A

Right internal jugular and right subclavian.

27
Q

Two pumps that maintain flow of lymph?

A

Skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump.

28
Q

Condition that occurs when the pathways of the lymphatic system are blocked.

A

Lymphedema

29
Q

Sites where stem cells divide and develop into mature B cells and T cells, include red bone marrow and the thymus.

A

Primary lymphatic organs and tissues

30
Q

Two-lobed organ located posterior to the sternum, medial to the lungs, and superior to the heart.

A

Thymus

31
Q

Site where most immune responses occur, include lymph nodes, the spleen, and lymphatic nodules.

A

Secondary lymphatic organs and tissues.

32
Q

The thymus contains large numbers of..

A

T cells, scattered dendrite cells and macrophages.

33
Q

Thymic macrophages help?

A

Clear out the debris of dead and dying cells.

34
Q

Lymph nodes are heavenly concentrated near the?

A

Mammary glands, axillae and groin

35
Q

Single largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body..

A

Spleen

36
Q

Lymphatic tissue, consisting mostly of lymphocytes and macrophages.

A

White pulp lymphatic tissue

37
Q

Consist of red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and leukocytes.

A

Red pulp

38
Q

Within the red pulp the spleen performs three functions related to blood cells…

A

(1) destroys worn or defective blood cells & platelets.
(2) storage of platelets
(3) creation of RBCs ( fetal hemopoiesis)

39
Q

Removal of spleen?

A

Splenectomy

40
Q

Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule.

A

Lymphatic nodules

41
Q

The epithelial layer secrets a fluid that moistens the surface of a body cavity, traps microbes and foreign substances.

A

Mucous membranes

42
Q

Physical and chemical barriers are found in?

A

The skin

43
Q

Mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes and mucus in the stomach, destroys many bacteria and most bacterial toxins.

A

Gastric juices

44
Q

Lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblast infected with viruses produce? Interfere with viral reproduction of a cell.

A

Interferons

45
Q

Enhance other immune actions, break cell membranes, attract phagocytes.

A

Complement system

46
Q

Bind iron and starve bacteria

A

Transferrins

47
Q

Short peptides that have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Lose microbes

A

Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs)

48
Q

Specialized cells that Perform phagocytosis, the ingestion of microbes or cellular debris.

A

Phagocytes

49
Q

Two main types of macrophages

A

Neutrophils and monocytes

50
Q

When infection occurs, neutrophils and macrophages..

A

Migrate to the affected area

Final Exam (11 decks)

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