Chapter 25.1 Overview Of Respitory System Flashcards
The entire process of gas exchange in the body is called?
Respiration
Respiration 3 major steps?
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Internal respiration
Flow of air into and out of lungs?
Pulmonary ventilation
Gas exchange between air spaces (alveoli) of the lungs and pulmonary capillaries?
External respiration
Gas exchange between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells?
Internal respiration
Metabolic reactions that consume O2 and give off CO2 during production of ATP?
Cellular respiration
Two systems that cooperate to supply O2 and eliminate CO2?
Cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Pulmonary ventilation and external respiration are the responsibility of the…
Respiration system
External respiration and internal respiration are functions of the ?
Cardiovascular system
The upper respiratory system consist of..
Nose, pharynx
The lower respiratory consist of..
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
All airways that carry air to lungs? And include?
Conducting Zone- Nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.
Sites within lungs where gas exchange occurs? Includes?
Respiratory Zone- respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
The external node consist of bone and cartilage covered with skin and lined with mucous membrane. It had two openings called?
External nares
The internal nose connects to the throat through two openings called?
Internal Nares
Divide the nasal cavity into right and left sides?
Nasal septum
Interior structures of the nose three basic functions…
- Filtering, warming, and moistening of the incoming air.
- Detect olfactory stimuli
- Modify speech sounds
Funnel-shaped tune that starts at the internal nares and extends partway down the neck.
Pharynx
How many regions does the pharynx have? Name them
Upper: nasopharynx
Middle: Oropharynx
Lower: laryngeal pharynx
Upper part of pharynx, connects with two internal nares and two openings that lead into auditory (eustachian) tubes.
Nasopharynx ( Posterior to nose)
Middle portion of pharynx, opens into mouth and nasopharynx, the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils are found here.
Oropharynx (Posterior to mouth)
Lower pharynx connects both esophagus and larynx passageway for food and air?
Laryngopharynx
Short tube of cartilage lined by mucous membrane that connects the pharynx with trachea.
Larynx ( voice box)
Consist of hyaline cartilage, forms the anterior wall of larynx, V-shaped it’s common name (Adams Apple)
Thyroid cartilage
Large leaf-shaped piece of elastic cartilage, covers airways.
Epiglottis
During swallowing the epiglottis..
Larynx moves up so epiglottis covers opening into trachea
Ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx and is attached to the first tracheal cartilage?
Cricoid cartilage
(Paired) located above cricoid cartilage, attach to true vocal cords and pharyngeal muscles and function in voice production.
Arytenoid
The mucous membrane of the larynx forms two pairs of folds: an upper called_______ and lower pair called the _______.
Ventricular folds, vocal folds
THe upper false vocal cords function?
Used to keep air in trunk with heavy lifting. They do not produce sound
The lower true vocal cords function?
Produce sounds during speaking and singing. Contain elastic ligaments.
When muscles contract, they pull the elastic ligaments tight causing?
Vocal cords to vibrate
Tubular passageway for air that is located anterior to the esophagus.
Trachea (windpipe)
The trachea is lined with…
Mucous membrane and is supported by cartilage.
Mucous membrane in trachea is composed of..
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar- traps and moves dust upward
Pitch is adjusted by?
Tension of true vocal cords
When true vocal cords are pulled taut, they produce?
A higher pitch result
Decreasing the muscular tension on true vocal cords results in?
Lower sounds
Vocal cords are usually thicker and longer in males than females l, therefore they..
Vibrate more slowly
Opening in trachea for tube called?
Tracheostomy
The trachea divides into a right primary bronchus which goes______ and the left primary bronchus, which goes to the ______.
Right lung, left lung
Contains incomplete rings of cartilage..
Primary bronchi
Primary bronchi divides to form secondary bronchi, one for each lobe of the lung. The right has _______ loves, the left lung has_____ lobes.
Three, two
Secondary bronchioles branch to tertiary bronchi that branch into even smaller tubes called?
Terminal bronchioles
Bronchioles can be bronchodilated by sympathetic nerves…
Epinephrine, or related medications
Two spongy, come-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity?
Lungs
Double layer serous membrane that encloses and protects each lung..
Pleural membrane
Outer layer of pleural membrane attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity and diaphragm is called?
Parietal pleura
Inner layer of pleural membrane attached to the lungs is called?
Visceral pleura
Broad bottom of lungs=, pointy top=
Base, Apex
