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Final Exam > Chapter 24.2 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 24.2 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of lymphocytes in the blood are natural killer?

A

About 5-10%

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2
Q

Destroy microbes & tumor cells, present in lymph nodes & red bone marrow

A

Natural killer cells (NK)

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3
Q

Defense response of the body tissue damage?

A

Inflammation

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4
Q

Inflammation helps restore?

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

Four signs and symptoms of inflammation are?

A

Redness, heat, swelling and pain.

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6
Q

Pocket of dead cells=

A

Pus

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7
Q

Damage to tissue, mast cells in connective tissue and basophils and plates release?

A

Histamine

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8
Q

Increased permeability of capillaries causes leakage of clotting proteins into tissues, the resulting clot may..

A

Isolate the invading microbes and toxins.

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9
Q

Shortly after the inflammatory process starts..

A

Phagocytes are attracted to the site of injury (neutrophils & macrophages)

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10
Q

Forms a physical barrier to the entrance of microbes.

A

Epidermis of skin

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11
Q

Inhibit the entrance of many microbes, but not as effective as intact skin.

A

Mucous membrane

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12
Q

Tears dilute and wash away irritating substances and microbes

A

Lacrimal apparatus

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13
Q

Antimicrobial substances in perspiration, tears, saliva, and tissue fluids.

A

Lysozyme

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14
Q

Abnormally high body temperature that occurs because the hypothalamic thermostat is reset

A

Fever

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15
Q

Intensifies the effects of interferons, inhibits growth of some microbes, speed up body reactions that aid repair

A

Fever

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16
Q

Fever causing substances from macrophages?

A

Inteleukin-1

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17
Q

Any substance such as microbes, foods, drugs, pollen or tissue

A

Antigen

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18
Q

Includes cell tissues that carry out immune responses.

A

Immune system

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19
Q

Normally a persons adaptive immune system cells recognize and do not attack there own tissues and..

A

Self-tolerant

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20
Q

Cells that carry out adaptive immune responses are lymphocytes called?

A

B cells and T cells

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21
Q

B and T cells originate in..

A

Red bone marrow

22
Q

Molecules capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens

A

Antigen receptors

23
Q

T cells that directly attack invading antigen

A

Cell-mediated immune response

24
Q

Aid- both cell and antibody mediated responses.

A

Helper T cells

25
Q

Located on plasma membrane surface of most body cells are protein “self antigens” known as

A

Major histicompatibility complex (MHC) antigens

26
Q

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is unique to each individual unless?

A

You have a identical twin

27
Q

Reasons why tissues may be rejected when they are transplanted from one person to another?

A

MHC antigens

28
Q

Invest and digest the antigen into fragments in vesicles.

A

Antigen presenting cell

29
Q

Co-stimulator to T cells is

A

Inteluekin-1

30
Q

T cells divided many times the resulting population of identical cells, termed

A

Clone

31
Q

Three types of major T cells?

A

Helper T cells, cytotoxin T cells, memory T cells.

32
Q

Helper T cells release

A

IL2, attract phagocytes, stimulate macrophages and B cells.

33
Q

To reduce risk of rejection, organ transplants receive

A

Immunosuppressive drugs

34
Q

Derived from fungus, inhibits secretion of interleukin-2 by helper T cells.

A

Cyclosporine

35
Q

Work against tumor cells transplanted cells and infected cells, recognize and bind to infected target cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells

36
Q

Remain in lymphatic system tissue long after the original infection and are able to recognize the original

A

Memory T cells

37
Q

Virus that destroys T cells

A

HIV

38
Q

Ready to respond quickly if antigen met again

A

Memory B cells

39
Q

The binding of a antibody to its antigen neutralizes some bacterial toxins and prevents attachment of some viruses

A

Neutralizing antigen

40
Q

Some antibodies cause bacteria to lose their motility, which limits bacterial spread into nearby tissues

A

Immobilizing bacteria

41
Q

Connect pathogens to one another

A

Agglutinating

42
Q

Antigen-antibody complex’s activate complement proteins, which then work to remove microbes though

A

Activating complement

43
Q

Binding attracts phagocytes

A

Enhancing phagocytes

44
Q

Long lasting antibodies and very long lived lymphocytes.

A

Immunological memory

45
Q

Antibodies produced during secondary reasons stronger than the first?

A

True- larger and quicker

46
Q

Can the primary response be acquired naturally?

A

Yes

47
Q

Artificially acquired immunity

A

Vaccination

48
Q

Describe effects of aging on the immune system

A

Thymus atrophies, fewer responsive T cells, thus poorer B cell response

49
Q

Why is it important for elderly people to get their flu shot vaccinations each year

A

Poorer response to newer infections

50
Q

Lymphedema occurs in ____% mastectomies with axillary Dissections.

A

12-15%

Final Exam (11 decks)

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