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Bio1 > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

the division of the skeletal system consisting of the bones of the paired appendages, including the pelvic and pectoral girdles to which they are attracted

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

the division of the skeletal system that forms the central column, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

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3
Q

bone

A

a connective tissue that provides support and structure to the body and that often is the site of fat storage and blood cell production

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4
Q

cardiac muscle

A

the type of striated muscle tissue that forms the muscles of the heart

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5
Q

cardiovascular system

A

a fluid transport system of the body, consisting of the heart, all the blood vessels int he body, the blood that flows through these vessels, and the bone marrow tissue in which red blood cells are formed

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6
Q

cartilage

A

a connective tissue that serves as padding in most joints, forms the human larynx (voicebox) and trachea (windpipe), and links ribs to the breastbone

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7
Q

compact bone

A

dense bone that forms the outer portiong of bones, structured as a set of parallel osteons and their associated nerves and blood vessels

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8
Q

connective tissue

A

a tissue, active in the support and protection of other tissues, whose cells are surrounded by a material that they have secreted

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9
Q

dermis

A

in certain animals, the thick layer of the skin -composed mostly of connective tissue -that underlies, nourishes, and supports the epidermis

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10
Q

digestive system

A

the organ system that transports food into the body, secretes digestive enzymes that help break down food to allow it to be absorbed by the body, and excretes waste products

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11
Q

endocrine gland

A

a gland that releases its materials directly into surrounding tissues or into the bloodstream, without using ducts

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12
Q

endocrine system

A

the organ system that sends signals throughout the body through use of the chemical messengers called hormones

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13
Q

epidermis

A

the outermost layer of skin in animals or the outermost cell layer in plants

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14
Q

epithelial tissue

A

a tissue that covers surfaces exposed to an external environment. In humans, skin is an epithelial tissue, as is the lining of the digestive tract

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15
Q

exocrine gland

A

a gland that secretes its materials through ducts (tubes)

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16
Q

gland

A

organs or group of cells that are specialized to secrete one or more substances

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17
Q

homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment in living things

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18
Q

hormone

A

a substance that, when released in one part of an organism, foes on to prompt physiological activity in another part of the organism. Both plants and animals have them

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19
Q

immune system

A

the collection of cells and proteins that, in vertebrates, function together to kill or neutralize invading microorganisms

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20
Q

integumentary system

A

the organ system that protects the body from the external environment and assists in regulation of body temperature

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21
Q

keratin

A

a flexible, water-resistant protein, abundant in the outer layers of skin, that also makes up hair and fingernails

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22
Q

ligaments

A

in anatomy, a connective tissue that links one bone to another

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23
Q

lymphatic network

A

in humans, the transport network that collects interstitial fluid, transports it as lymph through lymphatic vessels, checks the fluid for infection, and delivers the fluid to blood vessels

24
Q

muscle fiber

A

a single skeletal muscle cell; called fiber because of its extreme length relative to most cells

25
Q

muscle tissue

A

tissue that has the ability to contract. In humans, one of the four principal types of tissue

26
Q

muscular system

A

the organ system composed of all the skeletal muscles of the body, which is to say all muscles that are under voluntary control

27
Q

negative feedback

A

a system of control in which the product of a process reduces the activity that led to the product

28
Q

nervous system

A

the organ system that monitors an animal’s internal and external environment, integrates the sensory information received, and coordinates the animal’s responses

29
Q

nervous tissue

A

a tissue specialized for the rapid conduction of electrical impulses

30
Q

organ

A

a highly organized unit within an organism, performing one or more functions, that is formed of several kinds of tissue

31
Q

organ system

A

a group of interrelated organs and tissues that serve a particular set of functions in the body

32
Q

osteoblast

A

an immature bone cell that secretes organic material that becomes bone matrix,, thus producing new bone

33
Q

osteoclast

A

a type of bone cell that dissolves bone matrix, thus liberating the minerals stored in it

34
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cell that maintains the structure and density of bone by continually recycling calcium compounds around itself

35
Q

red marrow

A

a tissue, found in cavities of bones in the human body, within which all of the adult body’s blood cells are reproduced

36
Q

reproductive system

A

in humans, the organ system that develops gametes and delivers them to a location where they can fuse with other gametes to produce a new individual

37
Q

respiratory system

A

the organ system that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon diozide from the body

38
Q

sarcomere

A

the functional unit of a striated muscle that contracts when thin filaments slide past thick filaments. The sarcomere shortens, thus contracting the whole muscle

39
Q

sebaceous glands

A

a type of gland in the skin that produces a waxy, oily secretion (sebum) that lubricates the hair shaft and inhibits bacterial growth in the surrounding area

40
Q

skeletal muscle

A

in humans, muscle that is attached to bone, that is under conscious control, and that microscopically has s striped or “striated” appearance owing to the parallel orientation of the long, fibrous units that make it up

41
Q

skeletal system

A

the human organ sustem that forms an internal supporting framework for the body and protects delicate tissues and organs

42
Q

skin

A

in humans, an organ consisting of two tissue layers, an outer epidermis and inner dermis, and covering the outside of the body. The skin protects the body and receives signas from the environment

43
Q

smooth muscle

A

in humans, muscle that is not under voluntary control and that lacks a striated appearance

44
Q

spongy bone

A

type of bone that is porous and less dense than compact bone. Spongy bone fills the expanded ends of long bones

45
Q

sweat gland

A

in humans, the type of duct-containing (exocrine) gland that produces perspiration

46
Q

tendons

A

the connective tissue that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone

47
Q

tissue

A

an organized assemblage of similar cells that serves a common function

48
Q

urinary system

A

the organ system that eliminates waste products from the blood through formation of urine

49
Q

yellow marrow

A

in human beings, a tissue largely made up of energy-storing fat cells found in the marrow cavity of long bones

50
Q

What organs make up the digestive system?

A

the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines plus accessory glands such as the pancreas and gallbladder

51
Q

What does the integumentary system consists of?

A

skin and associated structures, such as glands, hair, and nails

52
Q

Principal types of tissue

A

muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous

53
Q

What does the nervous system consists of?

A

neurons, plus the supporting neuroglia cells, plus the sensory organs

54
Q

What is smooth muscle responsible for?

A

contractions of the uterus, digestive tract, blood vessels, and passageways of the lungs

55
Q

What does the urinary system consist of?

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Bio1 (21 decks)

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