Chapter 25

Question 1

angiosperm

Answer 1

a flowering seed plant whose seeds are enclosed within the tissue called fruit. Angiosperms are the most dominant and diverse of the four principal types of plants

Question 2

anther

Answer 2

the part of the flower within which pollen grains are produced. The anther is on top of a filament, and together they make up the flower’s stamen

Question 3

apical meristern

Answer 3

groups of plant cells, located at the tips of the roots and shoots, that give rise to all tissues in the plant

Question 4

blade

Answer 4

in plants, the major broad part of a leaf

Question 5

bud

Answer 5

an undeveloped plant shoot, composed mostly of meristematic tissue

Question 6

carpel

Answer 6

the female reproductive structure of a flower, consisting of an ovary, a style, and a stigma

Question 7

cotyledon

Answer 7

an embryonic leaf. A major division in plants is between the monocots, which have one embryonic leaf, and the dicots, which have two embryonic leaves

Question 8

dicotyledon (dicot)

Answer 8

a type of plant that has two embryonic leaves within its seed. More than three-quarters of all flowering plants are broad-leafed dicotyledons

Question 9

double fertilization

Answer 9

a fusion of gametes and of nutritive cells that occurs at the same time in angiosperm plants

Question 10

embryo sac

Answer 10

the mature female gametophyte plant. Cells of the embryo sac include the eggs that will be fertilized by one sperm cell from the pollen grain, and the central cell, whose two nuclei will fuse with a second sperm cell from the pollen grain, thus producing food for the embryo

Question 11

fibrous root system

Answer 11

a plant root system that consists of many roots, all about the same size

Question 12

filament

Answer 12

the part of a stamen (male reproductive part of a flower) that is shaped like and functions as a stalk and has an anther at the top

Question 13

fruit

Answer 13

the mature ovary of any flowering plant. Many fruits protect the underlying seeds, and many attract animals that will eat the fruit and disperse the seeds

Question 14

monocotyledon (monocot)

Answer 14

a type of plant that has one embryonic leaf within the seed. Although comprising only one-quarter of all flowering plants, most important food plants are the narrow-leafed monocotyledons

Question 15

ovary

Answer 15

in flowering plants, the area, located at the base of the carpel, where fertilization of the eff and early development of the embryo occur. In animals, the female reproductive organ in which eggs develop

Question 16

petal

Answer 16

the colorful, leaf-like structure of a flower; petals attract pollinators

Question 17

petiole

Answer 17

the stalk of a leaf, attaching it to a branch or trunk

Question 18

phloem

Answer 18

in vascular plants, the fluid-transporting tissue that conducts the food produced in photosynthesis along with some hormones and other compounds

Question 19

pollen grain

Answer 19

a sperm-bearing gametophyte plant, consisting at maturity of three cells and an outer coat. One sperm cell within the pollen grain will fertilize the egg cell in the female gametophyte, thus producing a new generation of sporophyte plant

Question 20

root hair

Answer 20

in plants, a threadlike extension of a root cell. Root hairs greatly increase the surface area of roots, thus allowing greater absorption of water and nutrients

Question 21

seed

Answer 21

a reproductive structure in plants that includes a plant embryo, its food supply, and a tough protective casing

Question 22

seed coat

Answer 22

the tough outer layer of a seed, derived from the integuments of the ovule, which protect the embryo from mechanical damage and water loss

Question 23

sepal

Answer 23

the leaf-like structure that, with other sepals, protects the flower before it opens

Question 24

sieve element

Answer 24

in plants, a type of cell that conducts phloem sap

Question 25

spore

Answer 25

a reproductive cell that can develop into a new organism without fusing with another reproductive cell

Question 26

stamen

Answer 26

the male reproductive structure in a flower, consisting of a stalk-like filament topped by a pollen-producing anther

Question 27

stigma

Answer 27

in flowering plants, the tip end of a flower’s carpel, where pollen grains are deposited prior to fertilization

Question 28

stomata

Answer 28

microscopic pores, found in greatest abundance on the undersides of leaves, that allow plants to exchange gases with the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide moves into plants through the stomata, while oxygen and water vapor move out

Question 29

style

Answer 29

in flowering plants, the stalk-like extension of a carpel that connects its stigma and ovary

Question 30

taproot system

Answer 30

the type of plant root system that consists of a large central root and many smaller lateral roots

Question 31

tissue

Answer 31

an organized assemblage of similar cells that serves a common function. Nervous, epithelial, and muscle tissue are some familiar examples

Question 32

tracheid

Answer 32

in plants, a slender, tapered cell of the xylem that has perforations (bordered pits) that match up with adjacent cells to allow water to move between them

Question 33

transpiration

Answer 33

the process by which plants lose water when water vapor leaves the plant through open stomata. More than 90% of the water that enters a p[plant evaporates into the atmosphere via transpiration

Question 34

vessel element

Answer 34

one of two types of cells that make up xylem tissue, which transports water and dissolved minerals through plants. At maturity, vessel elements are dead and empty of cellular contents, thus facilitating the rapid conduction of water

Question 35

xylem

Answer 35

the tissue through which water and dissolved minerals flow in vascular plants

Question 36

examples of angiosperms

Answer 36

roses, cacti, corn, deciduous trees