Chapter 22

Question 1

dykaryotic

Answer 1

having two haploid nuclei in one cell. A phase of the life cycle of many fungi

Question 2

hyphae (singular, hypha)

Answer 2

the slender filaments that make up the bulk of most fungi

Question 3

lichen

Answer 3

a composite organism composed of a fungus and either algae or photosynthesizing bacteria

Question 4

mutualism

Answer 4

a form of relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit

Question 5

parasite

Answer 5

organisms that feed off their prey but do not kill them, at least not immediately and perhaps not ever

Question 6

mycelium

Answer 6

a web of fungal hyphae that makes up the major part of a fungus

Question 7

mycorrhizae

Answer 7

associations of plant roots and fungal hyphae. The fungal hyphae absorbs minerals, growth hormones, and water that are then available to the plant, and the fungus gets carbohydrates from the photosynthesizing plant

Question 8

saprophyte

Answer 8

an organism that obtains its nutrition from dead organic material

Question 9

sessile

Answer 9

fixed in location; organisms such as mushrooms and mature sponges are sessile

Question 10

Examples of sessile

Answer 10

mushrooms and mature sponges

Question 11

spore

Answer 11

a reproductive cell that can develop into a new organism without fusing with another reproductive cell. It also refers to a dormant, stress-resistant form of a bacterial or fungal cell

Question 12

yeast

Answer 12

any single-celled fungus that tends to reproduce by budding