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MWHS Modern World History 11 Heibert > Chapter 25 Review sheet > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Review sheet Flashcards

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1
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Mid-1700s. Output of machine made goods. It began in England.

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2
Q

Enclosures

A

Larger fields > productive seeding / harvesting methods improved

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3
Q

Crop Rotation

A

three field system, build up nutrients

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4
Q

Industrialization

A

Industrialization refers to the process of using machines in the production of goods.

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5
Q

Factors of Production

A

Land, labor, and capital ($). Resources needed to produce goods & services.

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6
Q

Factories

A

Buildings equipped with machines that are used for production

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7
Q

Entrepreneur

A

An entrepreneur is a person who organizes, manages, and takes the risk of owning a business.

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8
Q

Cottage Industry

A

Goods were made by hand in homes

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9
Q

Urbanization

A

A time of rapid movement of people to the cities.

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10
Q

Middle Class

A

Social class (Bourgeoisie) made up of skilled workers.

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11
Q

Stock

A

A right of ownership to a publicly owned corporation or business.

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12
Q

Corporation

A

A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.

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13
Q

Laissez-Faire

A

An economic policy (theory) stressing an unregulated free market. “Let Do” “Let people do as they please.”
ADAM SMITH

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14
Q

Capitalism

A

Factors of production, privately owned

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15
Q

Socialism

A

Factors of production are operated for the good of all

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16
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Usefulness; good for the greatest number of people.

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17
Q

Communism

A

Government controls everything

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18
Q

Union

A

Association of workers formed to improve working conditions / pay.

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19
Q

Strike

A

A refuse to work until demands are met

20
Q

John Kay

A

1733 - flying shuttle

21
Q

James Hargreaves

A

1764 - spinning wheel / jenny

22
Q

Richard Arkwright

A

1769 - Water frame

23
Q

Samuel Crompton

A

1779 - Spinning Mule, which combined the Spinning Jenny and the Water Frame. Stronger thread

24
Q

Edmund Cartwright

A

1787 - power loom which was run by water and did the fastest weaving of it’s time.

25
Q

Elizabeth Gaskell

A

(1810-1865) Gaskell wrote “Mary Barton” - sympathized with the working class

26
Q

Elizabeth Bentley

A

1832 Testified before the British Parliament - deformed at 23 years old

27
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

Founded Standard Oil

28
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

Founded Carnegie Steel

29
Q

Adam Smith

A

Wealth of Nations - law of self interest - law of competition - law of supply and demand

30
Q

John Stuart Mill

A

questioned unregulated capitalism

31
Q

Robert Owen

A

British factory owner, improved working conditions

32
Q

Karl Marx

A

Wrote “The Communist Manifesto”. (father of socialism)

33
Q

Cottage Industry vs. Machine Driven Industry

A

Cottage Industries were run out of an individuals home.

Machine Driven Industries were run out of a factory.

34
Q

Improvements in agriculture that led to the Industrial Revolution.

A

Agricultural improvements that led to the Industrial Revolution were:
+++ Enclosures (fenced in farm land)
+++ Crop Rotation
+++ Better livestock breeding

35
Q

Reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain.

A

Britain was a perfect place for the Industrial Revolution to begin. Britain had these things:
+++ Water (rivers) and Coal to power new machines.
+++ Iron ore for manufacturing tools & machines.
+++ Rivers for transporting goods across the country.
+++ Harbors for sailing merchant ships to enter and leave from.

36
Q

Cycle of invention: the textile industry.

A

more raw materials - more workers - more products - more wages - need for more products

37
Q

Steam: revolutionizing transportation

A

Steam made these things possible:
+++ transporting materials & finished product
+++ transporting fish & farm products
+++ travel for people for jobs (like miners)
+++ new jobs for people to build railroads

38
Q

“Mixed Blessing” of the Industrial Revolution

A

positives negatives

  • free public schools -water/air pollution
  • extra money to spend -waste/sewage
  • child labor outlawed -land torn up
39
Q

Working & Living conditions for industrial laborers.

A
  • breathe in cotton dust -houses with broken
  • unsafe machinery windows patched w/rags
  • badly lit factories -2-3 families per house
  • no shoes -garbage emptied in streets
  • no schools
40
Q

Positive and Long-Term effects of the Industrial Revolution

A

positive long-term

  • healthier diets -affordable goods
  • better housing -living/working conditions
  • raised standard of living improved
  • provided hope/improvement -profits reduced tax revenue
    - standard of living
41
Q

Obstacles to industrial progress in continental Europe

A

Some of the obstacles to industrialization across continental Europe were:
Germany - Political, economic barriers,
France - Revolutions & Napoleonic Wars
US - Civil War
-halted trade / interrupted communication

42
Q

Spread of Industrialization across Continental Europe

A

Belgium = took ideas from Britain

  • favorable geography
  • financial systems
  • political stability
  • natural resources
43
Q

Adam Smith’s 3 Laws of Capitalism

A

Adam Smith wrote the book “The Wealth of Nations”. He said that there are 3 laws of capitalism which are:
Law of Self - people work for own good
Law of Competition - makes products better
Law of Supply/Demand - goods produced will meet market demand at lowest possible price to meet demand

44
Q

Types of socialism: Utilitarianism, Utopian, & Socialism

A 
Utilitarianism:
-worth what you can do
-equal division of profits
Utopian:
-perfect harmony
Socialism:
-no classes
-all factories owned by government
45
Q

Major reforms of the Factory Acts

A

1833 - illegal to hire children under 9 years old
- children 9-12 could not work more than 8 hr/day
1842 -women/children allowed to work underground.
1847 -women and children can work no more than 10 hrs/day.

46
Q

Effects of the Industrial Revolution on the Slave Trade and Women’s Rights.

A

1833 -slavery end in British Empire
1865 -slavery ends in the US
1848 -women start pursuing social rights
1888 -International Council for Women

MWHS Modern World History 11 Heibert (14 decks)

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