Chapter 21 Review sheet

Question 1

Absolutism

Answer 1

Absolutism is the idea of:

COMPLETE & UNRESTRICTED power of the government (king or queen).

Question 2

Divine Right

Answer 2

Divine Right is the idea that:
GOD CREATED the monarch (King or Queen) to be GOD’s REPRESENTATIVE on Earth. The monarch only has to answer to GOD.

Question 3

Edict of Nantes

Answer 3

The Edict of Nantes was a document of RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE towards the Huguenots signed by KING HENRY

Question 4

Intendants

Answer 4

Intendants are GOVERNMENT AGENTS of the FRENCH government who collected taxes and administered justice

Question 5

Huguenots

Answer 5

The Huguenots are French Protestants (non-Catholics that follow the teachings of Martin Luther).

Question 6

Thirty Years War

Answer 6

The 30 years war was a conflict over RELIGION and TERRITORY. Power for the European ruling families

Question 7

Seven Years War

Answer 7

The Seven Years War was a conflict between the major Europe, North America and India.

Question 8

Junkers

Answer 8

The Junkers were LAND OWNING NOBILITY that resisted the King’s power in PRUSSIA. **Given right to be officers in King Fredrick’s army. **

Question 9

Boyar

Answer 9

The Boyars were Russia’s LAND OWNING NOBLES, Forced to live in St. Petersburg

Question 10

Czar

Answer 10

Czar means “Caesar” - A Czar is a RUSSIAN RULER.

Question 11

Westernization

Answer 11

Using WESTERN EUROPE as a MODEL FOR CHANGE both MILITARILY and COMMERCIALLY.

Question 12

Charles V

Answer 12

controlled Spain, Spanish American Colonies, Austria, Netherlands

Question 13

Philip II

Answer 13

SON of Charles V, built up Armada, fought against Great Britain

Question 14

Elizabeth I

Answer 14

The QUEEN OF ENGLAND (1580s) and a PROTESTANT. Defeated Armada

Question 15

Sir Francis Drake

Answer 15

Pirate, stole from spanish ships, knighted by Queen Elizabeth.

Question 16

Miguel Cervantes

Answer 16

AUTHOR of DON QUIXOTE, mocking chivalry, materalism

Question 17

Rembrandt

Answer 17

GREAT DUTCH ARTIST in the 1600s using SHARP LIGHT and SHADOW CONTRASTS.
Night Watch is a famous portrait

Question 18

Catherine de Medici

Answer 18

Widow of King Henry II. After Henry II’s death, she was the REAL LEADER of FRANCE when her son’s were king.

Question 19

Henry IV

Answer 19

He was 1st king of BOURBON DYNASTY. Descended from Louis IX.
****CONVERTED to Catholicism & signed EDICT OF NANTES **

Question 20

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 20

Louis XIII’s minister; actual ruler

Question 21

Louis XIV

Answer 21

Sun King; helped France attain economic / political / cultural brilliance

Question 22

Cardinal Mazarin

Answer 22

Cardinal Mazarin is credited with ENDING THE 30 YEAR WAR. Louis XIV’s

Question 23

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Answer 23

Louis XVI’s minister of finance = responsible for debt.

Question 24

Gustavus Aldophus

Answer 24

Swedish leader who drove Hapsburg armies out of North Germany

Question 25

Charles VI

Answer 25

Hapsburg’s ruler; no male heirs

Question 26

Maria Theresa

Answer 26

Daughter of Charles VI; ruler of Austria

Question 27

Fredrick the Great

Answer 27

Ruler of Prussia; encouraged religious tolerance and legal reform

Question 28

Ivan the Terrible

Answer 28

First official “czar”

Question 29

Peter the Great

Answer 29

One of Russia’s greatest reformers; increased czar’s power…

Question 30

The extent of Spain’s European and Overseas Empire in the 1500s.

Answer 30

Spain had a HUGE OVERSEAS EMPIRE under Charles V - colonized much territory (New World) with help of Cortes and conquistadors.
Rich. Gained Portugal territory

Question 31

Philip II’s rivalry with England and the launching of the Armada.

Answer 31

Phillip II HATED ENGLAND
1) Queen Elizabeth refused his proposal.
2) England was Protestant. Philip II (Spain) was Catholic.
3) Queen Elizabeth praised pirates for pillaging Phillips ships.
Phillip II built HUGE NAVY
1) 130 ships/27,000 men
2) Ships had priests to convert prisoners to Catholicism.
ATTACKED England - LOST!

Question 32

Spain’s GOLDEN AGE of Art and Literature

Answer 32

Spain had great wealth in the GOLDEN AGE. Rich monarchs & nobles became patrons of the arts.

• **El Greco was a famous artist and painted Catholic Images
• *Velazquez painted wealthy families.
• **Rembrandt painted with shadows & light
• **Cervantes wrote DON QUIXOTE

Question 33

Role of inflation, taxes, enemies and the and the Dutch in the decline of Spain

Answer 33

• *Spain was so wealthy that money lost it’s value.
• *Spain expelled Jews and Muslims and eliminated many of the good tax payers (eliminating income for state).
• *Spain’s enemies got rich because citizens bought goods from France, England & Dutch to get better prices.
• *Dutch Calvinists left and declared independence.
• *Spain went broke fighting too many wars.

Question 34

Importance of the Dutch East India Co. to their economic success.

Answer 34

• *The Dutch East India Company bought goods for low $$ and sold them in needy areas for high $$.
• *They had the largest fleet of ships in the world.
• *Controlled by Dutch Government
• *Gradually Dutch controlled Italians as the bankers of Europe.

Question 35

Religious turmoil in France between Catholics and Huguenots

Answer 35

v

Question 36

Henry IV and his conversion to Catholicism

Answer 36

He reportedly declared “Paris is well worth a mass”

Question 37

Importance of the Edict of Nantes

Answer 37

Declaration of religious tolerance by Henry I

Question 38

Cardinal Richelieu and his actions to increase royal authority.

Answer 38

First, he moved against the Huguenots; Second he sought to weaken the nobles’ power

Question 39

Louis XIV and absolutism “I am the State”

Answer 39

In Louis’s view, he and the state were on of the same.

Question 40

Louis revoking the Edict of Nantes

Answer 40

In response thousands of Huguenots fled the country; tis robed France of many skilled workers

Question 41

The palace of Versailles and court life of Louis and his nobles

Answer 41

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Question 42

Mistakes / negative effects of Louis’ rule over France

Answer 42

Bad tax system, constant warfare, construction of the palace of Versailles (lots of debt). resentment over the tax burden, Louis’ abuse of power would plague his heirs

Question 43

Causes phases and results of the 30 years war

Answer 43

30 years war was a conflict over religion/territory and for power among European ruling families. The phases were the success and defeats of Hapsburg. the result was the agreement “Treaty of Westphalia”

Question 44

Consequences of the Treaty of Westphalia

Answer 44

1. Weakened Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria
2. Strengthened France by awarding it German Territory
3. Made German princes dependent of the Holy Roman Empire
4. ended religious wars in Europe
5. introduced a new method of peace negotiation whereby all participants meet to settle the problems of a war and decide the terms of peace

Question 45

Rivalry between Austria and Prussia over Silesia.

Answer 45

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Question 46

Winners and losers of the 7 years war

Answer 46

The winners were the British who gained French North American colonies and gained sole control of India.