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MWHS Modern World History 11 Heibert > Chapter 23 Review Sheet > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Review Sheet Flashcards

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1
Q

Old Regime

A

Old social and political system of France

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2
Q

Estate

A

social class.

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3
Q

Estates General

A

Assembly of representatives from each of the 3 estates.

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4
Q

National Assembly

A

Third estate delegates

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5
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

pledge made by the members of the National Assembly (3rd estate) in which they vowed to continue meeting until there was a new constitution

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6
Q

Great Fear

A

Senseless panic that spread through France after storming at Bastille.

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7
Q

Emigre

A

Nobles who fled France; wanted to restore Old Regime

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8
Q

Sans-Culotte

A

parisian workers who wanted change

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9
Q

Guillotine

A

National razor

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10
Q

Reign of Terror

A

period of rule under Robespierre

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11
Q

Coup d’Etat

A

A sudden seizure of power.

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12
Q

Plebiscite

A

vote of the people.

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13
Q

Lycee

A

government run public school

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14
Q

Concordant

A

agreement

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15
Q

Blockade

A

forcible closing of ports

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16
Q

Continental System

A

Napoleon’s policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and Continental Europe intended to destroy Great Britain’s economy

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17
Q

Guerilla

A

Spanish peasant fighters

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18
Q

Scorched-earth Policy

A

burning grain fields and slaughtering livestock so as to leave nothing for the enemy to eat

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19
Q

Balance of Power

A

where no one country would be a threat to others

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20
Q

Legitimacy

A

hereditary right of a monarch to rule

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21
Q

Louis XVI

A

helped Americans during Revolution

22
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

Wife of Louis XVI Madame Deficit

23
Q

Jean Paul Marat

A

writings stirred up violent moods; newspaper writer

24
Q

Maximillien Robespierre

A

Jacobin leader, “Reign of Terror”

25
Q

Georges Danton

A

Jacobin lawyer; devoted to the rights of poor people

26
Q

Jacobins

A

members of the radical political organization (Marat / Danton)

27
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

Greatest most important French General

28
Q

Joseph Bonaparte

A

brother of Napoleon who became king of Spain

29
Q

Alexander I

A

Russian Czar who refused to stop selling grain to Britain

30
Q

Fredrick William III

A

King of Prussia; helped defeat Napoleon at Waterloo

31
Q

Louis XVIII

A

Louis XVI’s brother; unpopular with peasants; suspected of wanting to undo the Revolution’s land reforms

32
Q

Duke of Wellington

A

British military leader; defeated Napoleon at Waterloo

33
Q

Klemens von Metternich

A

Foreign minister of Austria. (Concert of Europe)

34
Q

Francis I

A

Emperor of Austria; signed the Holy Alliance with Prussia/Russia

35
Q

Political Spectrum (beliefs, reactions to change)

A

Radical: Want change NOW with violence
Liberal: Work in system
Moderate: Down the middle
The Conservative: Likes things the way they are.
The Reactionary: Wants to retreat into the past
*Liberals want change; willing to work within the system
*Conservatives Don’t necessarily want change but willing to work

36
Q

Financial crisis in France

A

*Heavy burden of taxes raises cost of living;
*Bad weather caused crop failures
*Debt from the American revolution
“Madame Deficit” - inherited debt from her father

37
Q

The Estates System under the Old Regime

A

1st Estate - Clergy - paid no taxes- 10% of land
2nd Estate - Nobles -paid no taxes- 20% of land
2% of population
3rd Estate - Bourgeoisie (middle class)
-bankers -factory owners
-merchants -professionals
- Workers (poorest group)
-laborers
- Peasants (Largest group)
-80% of population
-paid 1/2 their income in taxes/tithes

38
Q

Role of Enlightenment in the background of the French Revolution.

A
  • Began to demand equality / liberty / democracy

* Questioned long standing notions about structure of society

39
Q

Calling of the Estates General, voting controversies, and forming of the National Assembly

A
  • each estate had ONE vote even though 3rd estate represented 97% of the people.
  • National assembly: 3rd Estates delegates>demand for a new constitution
40
Q

Storming the Bastille & Great Fear as radical events

A

Both Radical

  • Storming of the Bastille: senseless panic; peasants with pitchforks and farm tools broke into nobles’ homes and destroyed legal papers that bound them to papy feudal dues.
  • Great Fear: mob searching for gunpowder; killed many guards.
41
Q

The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins

A

Reign of terror:
*Robespierre = goal was to eliminate all opposition to the revolution
*Committee of Public safety = formed to put any possible conspirators on trial
Jacobins:
1. peasants horrified by King’s execution
2. priests who would not accept government control
3. rival leaders who were stirring up rebellion in the provinces
End of terror: death of Robespierre

42
Q

Changes in French society during the Reign of Terror

A 
Calendar = (3) ten day weeks
                    no sundays (seen as religious)
Catholic Church = closed all churches throughout France
Committee on Public safety = started trials / executions
Constitution = places limits on King's power
43
Q

Execution of Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette

A
  • see changes as radical; try to flee to Austria; caught and brought back to Paris (seen as traitors)
  • executed
44
Q

Napoleon’s rise to power and coup d’etat

A
  • defeats royalist rebels attacking National Convention
  • wins in Italy
  • coup d’etat = seizure of power from the Directory
  • defeats British, Russians, Austrians
45
Q

5 Great Power of Congress of Vienna

A
  • Russia, Austria, Britain, Prussia, France
    • guided the decisions
  • series of meetings where European leaders establish long - lasting peace and security
46
Q

Napoleon’s reforms of French Society and the Napoleonic Code

A
  • National banking system
  • Lycees- government run public schools to train officials
  • signs CONCORDAT - agreement w/pope restoring catholicism in France
  • plebiscite - vote of the people
    • Napoleonic Code = uniform system of laws
47
Q

Napoleon’s major mistakes

A
  • entering Russia during cold weather
  • Battle of Trafalgar = Britain defeats and establishes itself as a power again
  • France back to monarchy
  • waterloo
  • continental system
  • sending troops through Spain
48
Q

Battle of Waterloo and Napoleon’s exile

A
  • Britain, Prussia, Sweden, Russia, Austria join forces against Napoleon = defeated
  • surrenders and is exiled to Elba
  • Louis XVIII is overthrown and Napoleon returns from exile
  • beat at waterloo
    • Exiled to St. Helena
49
Q

Major alliance groups formed at the Congress of Vienna

A
  • Holy alliance + Russia, Prussia, Austria (combat revolution)
  • Concert of Europe = series of alliances led by Metterck
    • ensure that nations would help one another if any revolution broke out
50
Q

Long term effects of the Congress of Vienna on Europe

A
  • diminished power /size of France
  • power of Britain and Prussia increased
  • nationalism spread –> explode into revolutions –> new nations formed
  • people saw democracy as the best way to ensure equality and justice for all
51
Q

Duties privileges and members of each estate

A

1st Estate: Clergy - owned 10% of the land - exempt from taxes

2nd Estate: Nobles - 2% of the population - owned 20% of the land

3rd Estate: ~Bourgeois (middle class) - bankers, factory owners, merchants, professionals
~Workers (poorest group) - laborers
~Peasants (largest group) - 80% of the population - paid half of their income in taxes

MWHS Modern World History 11 Heibert (14 decks)

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