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MWHS Modern World History 11 Heibert > Chapter 20 Review Sheet > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Review Sheet Flashcards

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1
Q

Colony

A

Land controlled by another nation

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2
Q

Conquistador

A

The Spanish soldiers, explorers, fortune tellers who conquered Americas in 16th century

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3
Q

Mestizo

A

A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry

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4
Q

Encomienda

A

A grant of land made by Spanish to American settlers, included right to use Native Americans for forced labor

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5
Q

New France

A

French colony in North America. Lots of resources (timber/fur) available for trade

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6
Q

Pilgrims

A

Founded Plymouth in MA to escape religious persecution in 1620.

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7
Q

Puritans

A

sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding colony in MA Bay in early 1600’s

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8
Q

Atlantic Slave Trade

A

Buying, transporting, selling of Africans for work in Americas

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9
Q

Triangular Trade

A

Slaves and goods like rum and sugar were traded between Africa, Europe, Americas, England and West Indies.

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10
Q

Middle Passage

A

Voyage that brought Africans to West Indies and Americas for slaves. Unbearable conditions

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11
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

Global transfer of plants, animals and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of Americas

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12
Q

Capitalism

A

Based on private property, ownership, and profit

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13
Q

Joint-stock Company

A

a business where investors pool their wealth to grow the business and the share the profit. They also share the risks.

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14
Q

Mercantilism

A

National wealth = power = government. Sell goods back to the colony for more money even though the government used the colonies resources to make the goods.

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15
Q

Favorable Balance of Trade

A

Export / sell more than you import / buy

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16
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Genease sea captain, searched for alternate route to Asia. Found Carribean

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17
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

Tried to sail around the world in 1519. Got killed. Thought he was in East India

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18
Q

Americo Vespucci

A

Italian. In service for Portugal. Traveled along the East coast of South America 1st to say that land was not Asia, but a new world named America after him.

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19
Q

Pedro Alvares Cabral

A

1500 - claimed Brazil for Portugal

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20
Q

Hernando Cortez

A

Conquistador. Landed in Mexico. Conquered Incas.

21
Q

Montezuma II

A

Ruler of the Aztec Impire

22
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

conquered Incas

23
Q

Atahualpa

A

Ruler of the Incas. Executed during Pizarro’s conquest

24
Q

Jaques Cartier

A

French explorer, discovered St. Lawrence River and Montreal for the French

25
Q

Duke of York

A

Brother of Charles II — Drove out the Dutch — New York

26
Q

King James I

A

King of England, gave permission for puritans and pilgrims to establish the new world

27
Q

Metacom

A

aka King Phillip, war chief of the Riompanoag. Originally lived peacefully with the pilgrims eventually allowed himself to become subject of English in th1 1670’s

28
Q

Henry Hudson

A

Sailed to the Americas for the Dutch

29
Q

Columbus and the beginnings of European exploration/colonization

A

Searching for a quicker route to the Caribbean. Inspired wave of exploration. Explorers set out and claimed land for King and Country.

30
Q

The “3 G’s” of Exploration

A

Glory, Gold, God

31
Q

The age of discovery as a “spin off” of the Renaissance.

A

Secular / curiosity / Humanism

32
Q

The conquest of the Aztec Empire

A

Cortes vs Montezuma

33
Q

The conquest of the Incan Empire

A

Cortez vs Atahualpa

34
Q

The role of disease and technology in Spain’s conquest in the Americas

A

disease killed 96% of the natives

35
Q

The “2nd wave” nations of exploration after the Spanish

A

English, French , and Dutch

36
Q

French motivations / claims in North America

A

Not to build towns; trading posts /furs

37
Q

Dutch motivations / claims in North America

A

Dutch West Indies Co. = expand trade

38
Q

English motivations / claims in North America

A

colonization; send profits back to England

39
Q

Importance of the French and Indian War / 7 Years War to North American claims.

A

England wins. Gain almost all of French’s colony claims. Only Haiti remained French.

40
Q

Impact of disease on native populations and its contribution to the Slave Trade

A

needed labor

41
Q

Crops / resources that created demand for African slaves

A

tobacco / sugar / cotton

42
Q

Major European slaving nations (suppliers and buyers)

A

England = suppliers; Spain and Portugal = buyers

43
Q

The role of African tribes / leaders in the development of the Slave Trade

A

Many African rulers sold prisoners of war into slavery (Ashanti). Later some of the rulers protest the trade

44
Q

Triangular Trade (how it worked, what went where?)

A

transport manufactured goods to west coast of Africa –captured Africans – transported across the atlantic – sold in West Indies – goods to Europe. Also New England – Africa.

45
Q

The Middle passage (destinations, conditions)

A

Voyage that brought Africans to The West Indies and the Americas. The conditions were cruel and unbearable as many as 20% of Africans died on the journey.

46
Q

Impact of the slave Trade on Africa and the Americans

A

The African slave trade was a massive factor in the building of the Americas and the decline of Africa.

47
Q

The Columbian Exchange (products from Americas, impacts on the World)

A

global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas

48
Q

The “reverse flow” of products to the Americas and their effects

A

wheat, horses, cattle, and sheep

49
Q

The development of Capitalism and Mercantilism as new economic systems

A

as wealth from the Americas grew, the way business was dide (trade) changed thru Europe. People started owning private property and making a profit. Increased demand raised prices.

MWHS Modern World History 11 Heibert (14 decks)

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