Chapter 22 Test Review

Question 1

Prior to the Scientific Revolution all of the following were considered “acceptable” sources of scientific knowledge EXCEPT: A. Classic Greek scientists like Aristotle B. The Catholic Church C. Astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo D. The Pope

Answer 1

C. Astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo

Question 2

The belief that the earth was the center of the universe is ____ and was first challenged by the astronomer __________

Answer 2

geocentric, Copernicus

Question 3

The astronomer who first developed the telescope was______

Answer 3

Galileo

Question 4

Sir Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes are credited with developing the ______method of observation and problem-solving

Answer 4

scientific

Question 5

The scientist who discovered/developed the laws of inertia and gravity was:

Answer 5

Newton

Question 6

In Rousseau’s work “The Social Contract” he proposed that people should:

Answer 6

establish a government by the consent of the governed

Question 7

Which one of the following is NOT a lasting legacy of the Enlightenment? A. belief in progress B. Enlightened Despotism C. increased importance of the individual D. more securalism

Answer 7

D. more securalism

Question 8

Which of the philosophy is INCORRECTLY matched to his/her idea/work A. John Locke & “Leviathan” B. Voltaire & freedom of speech C. Wollstonecraft & “Vindication of the Rights of Women” D. Montesquieu & “Spirit of Laws”

Answer 8

A. John Locke & “Leviathan”

Question 9

Of the 5 core concepts of the philosophies, which one urged people to not wait until Heaven to achieve fulfillment?

Answer 9

Happiness

Question 10

The city that became the unofficial center of the Enlightenment was

Answer 10

Paris

Question 11

All of the following are true about “Encyclopedia” EXCEPT A. it contained essays about many subjects from many philosophes B. the printing press was essential in spreading its ideas C. it was first compiled by the philosopher Descartes D. it criticized French government and the Catholic Church

Answer 11

C. it was first compiled by the philosopher Descartes

Question 12

During the Enlightenment the musical style of _______ was replaced by_______ composers like_______

Answer 12

baroque, classical, Beethoven

Question 13

The enlightened despot who granted religious tolerance but WOULD NOT abolish serfdom was

Answer 13

Frederick the Great

Question 14

The U.S. Constitution’s separation of powers was inspired by the ideas of

Answer 14

Montesquieu

Question 15

Voltaire’s ideas of free speech and religious tolerance are guaranteed in the U.S. by the

Answer 15

Bill of Rights

Question 16

Theory of an Earth centered universe

Answer 16

Geocentric

Question 17

Concept of agreement between government and people

Answer 17

Social Contract

Question 18

Pre-Enlightenment art/musical style

Answer 18

Baroque

Question 19

Enlightenment gathering of discussion/debate

Answer 19

Salons

Question 20

Theory of sun-centered universe

Answer 20

Heliocentric

Question 21

Enlightenment style of music (Mozart)

Answer 21

Neoclassical

Question 22

Process of experimentation and problem-solving

Answer 22

Scientific Method

Question 23

The “thinkers” of the enlightenment period

Answer 23

Philosophes

Question 24

Period of applying reason/logic to society

Answer 24

The Enlightenment

Question 25

Rulers who made reforms to Enlightenment ideals

Answer 25

Enlightened Despots

Question 26

Female czar to Russia, added new territory

Answer 26

Catherine the Great

Question 27

Scientist placed under house arrest by the Catholic Church..

Answer 27

Galileo

Question 28

Philosophe who promoted tolerance and free speech

Answer 28

Voltaire

Question 29

First editor / creator of Encyclopedia

Answer 29

Denis Diderot

Question 30

Philosopher who believed in 3 branches of government

Answer 30

Montesquieu

Question 31

English thinker who believed in absolutism

Answer 31

Thomas hobbes

Question 32

English Philosopher who promoted “natural rights”

Answer 32

John Locke

Question 33

Ruler of Austria who abolished surfdom

Answer 33

Jseph II

Question 34

Ruler of prussia who lessoned censorship

Answer 34

Frederick the great

Question 35

Scientist who developed laws of gravity

Answer 35

Newton

Question 36

True of False: The Renaissance played no role in the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 36

False

Question 37

True or False: The heliocentric universe was promoted by the Catholic Church?

Answer 37

False

Question 38

True or False: Galileo was forced to recant his statement in front of the Inquisition

Answer 38

True

Question 39

True or False: Locke’s natural rights were Life, Liberty and Property?

Answer 39

True

Question 40

True or False: Copernicus, Rousseau and Galileo all studied the heliocentric theory

Answer 40

False

Question 41

True or False: Montesquieu, Rousseau and Voltaire were French philosophes

Answer 41

False

Question 42

True or False: Philosophers would gather at salons to discuss their ideas?

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True of False: Frederick the Great of Prussia abolished serfdom

Answer 43

False

Question 44

True or False: The US bill of rights guarantees free speech and religion

Answer 44

True

Question 45

True or False: The constitution is a good example of Rousseau’s concept of social contract

Answer 45

False

Question 46

Map of Europe: 1740

Answer 46

Map of Europe: 1740

Question 47

Essay #1: Explain why the Catholic Church was so resistant to the ideas of the Scientific Revolution. Why did they feel threatened, and what steps did they take to combat it? Finally how successful were they in their efforts?

Answer 47

Essay #2: What is the concept of “Enlightened Despotism”? Who were the enlightened despots of Europe? Pick one as an example and describe how she/he used enlightened principles to govern their country?