Chapter 22 Test Review Flashcards
Prior to the Scientific Revolution all of the following were considered “acceptable” sources of scientific knowledge EXCEPT: A. Classic Greek scientists like Aristotle B. The Catholic Church C. Astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo D. The Pope
C. Astronomers like Copernicus and Galileo
The belief that the earth was the center of the universe is ____ and was first challenged by the astronomer __________
geocentric, Copernicus
The astronomer who first developed the telescope was______
Galileo
Sir Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes are credited with developing the ______method of observation and problem-solving
scientific
The scientist who discovered/developed the laws of inertia and gravity was:
Newton
In Rousseau’s work “The Social Contract” he proposed that people should:
establish a government by the consent of the governed
Which one of the following is NOT a lasting legacy of the Enlightenment? A. belief in progress B. Enlightened Despotism C. increased importance of the individual D. more securalism
D. more securalism
Which of the philosophy is INCORRECTLY matched to his/her idea/work A. John Locke & “Leviathan” B. Voltaire & freedom of speech C. Wollstonecraft & “Vindication of the Rights of Women” D. Montesquieu & “Spirit of Laws”
A. John Locke & “Leviathan”
Of the 5 core concepts of the philosophies, which one urged people to not wait until Heaven to achieve fulfillment?
Happiness
The city that became the unofficial center of the Enlightenment was
Paris
All of the following are true about “Encyclopedia” EXCEPT A. it contained essays about many subjects from many philosophes B. the printing press was essential in spreading its ideas C. it was first compiled by the philosopher Descartes D. it criticized French government and the Catholic Church
C. it was first compiled by the philosopher Descartes
During the Enlightenment the musical style of _______ was replaced by_______ composers like_______
baroque, classical, Beethoven
The enlightened despot who granted religious tolerance but WOULD NOT abolish serfdom was
Frederick the Great
The U.S. Constitution’s separation of powers was inspired by the ideas of
Montesquieu
Voltaire’s ideas of free speech and religious tolerance are guaranteed in the U.S. by the
Bill of Rights
Theory of an Earth centered universe
Geocentric
Concept of agreement between government and people
Social Contract
Pre-Enlightenment art/musical style
Baroque
Enlightenment gathering of discussion/debate
Salons
Theory of sun-centered universe
Heliocentric
Enlightenment style of music (Mozart)
Neoclassical
Process of experimentation and problem-solving
Scientific Method
The “thinkers” of the enlightenment period
Philosophes
Period of applying reason/logic to society
The Enlightenment
Rulers who made reforms to Enlightenment ideals
Enlightened Despots
Female czar to Russia, added new territory
Catherine the Great
Scientist placed under house arrest by the Catholic Church..
Galileo
Philosophe who promoted tolerance and free speech
Voltaire
First editor / creator of Encyclopedia
Denis Diderot
Philosopher who believed in 3 branches of government
Montesquieu
English thinker who believed in absolutism
Thomas hobbes
English Philosopher who promoted “natural rights”
John Locke
Ruler of Austria who abolished surfdom
Jseph II
Ruler of prussia who lessoned censorship
Frederick the great
Scientist who developed laws of gravity
Newton
True of False: The Renaissance played no role in the Scientific Revolution?
False
True or False: The heliocentric universe was promoted by the Catholic Church?
False
True or False: Galileo was forced to recant his statement in front of the Inquisition
True
True or False: Locke’s natural rights were Life, Liberty and Property?
True
True or False: Copernicus, Rousseau and Galileo all studied the heliocentric theory
False
True or False: Montesquieu, Rousseau and Voltaire were French philosophes
False
True or False: Philosophers would gather at salons to discuss their ideas?
True
True of False: Frederick the Great of Prussia abolished serfdom
False
True or False: The US bill of rights guarantees free speech and religion
True
True or False: The constitution is a good example of Rousseau’s concept of social contract
False
Map of Europe: 1740
Map of Europe: 1740
Essay #1: Explain why the Catholic Church was so resistant to the ideas of the Scientific Revolution. Why did they feel threatened, and what steps did they take to combat it? Finally how successful were they in their efforts?
Essay #2: What is the concept of “Enlightened Despotism”? Who were the enlightened despots of Europe? Pick one as an example and describe how she/he used enlightened principles to govern their country?
