chapter 25 fluid/electrolyte Flashcards
Amount of fluid you gain is equal to the amount of fluid lost. This involves the maintenance of ICF and ECF.
fluid balance
We lose electrolytes in urine, sweat, and feces. We replace them with an adequate diet.
electrolyte balance
This is accomplished by the kidneys and lungs eliminating excess H+
acid base balance
Increase fluid volume when drink water – now blood is dilute compared to tissues
by osmosis, some fluid will shift to tissues and now tissues are dilute compared to cells
now fluid shifts to cell
fluid balance 2
The primary regulatory hormones for fluid balance are…
ADH
aldosterone
ANP
when you’re sweating, blood volume is decreasing so blood is getting more concentrated than tissues
so now fluid will shift from tissues to blood stream and now tissues are more concentrated than cells
so now cells shift to tissues
If severe, cells can shrink
dehydration
Increase fluid volume when drink water – now blood is dilute compared to tissues
by osmosis, some fluid will shift to tissues and now tissues are dilute compared to cells
now fluid shifts to cell
know
Responsible for resting membrane potentials
Depolarization
Significant in determining total body water
Na+ K+ pumps create heat
NaHCO3 helps maintain pH
Aldosterone and ANP regulate Na+
Both hormones work on cells in the kidney
electrolyte balance sodium
Most abundant ICF ion Resting membrane potentials Heat production Protein synthesis Regulated by aldosterone Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia
electrolyte balance potassium
too low of potassium
-70 mV at rest – too low – send electrical signal to flow out
issue is too little potassium and its hard to reach resting membrane potential in nervous system – sluggish movement, slurred speech
hypokalemia
too high of potassium
-70 mV at rest – too much outside – to send electrical signal flows in and goes off the chart
leads to seizure or death – no fixing it
sodium gates close and potassium gates open – the charge goes off the chart
hyperkalemia
pH 7.45 = alkalosis
Protein buffer system – ICF and ECF control of pH.
Carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer – Most important ECF pH controller.
Phosphate buffer system – Important ICF pH controller.
mechanisms of pH control
develops when the respiratory system cannot eliminate CO2.
hyperventilating and kidneys have increased hydrogen secretions
respiratory acidosis
not as common but usually due to hyperventilation.
hyperventilating and blowing of CO2 too quickly and blood pH rises – conserves H ions
respiratory alkalosis
Changes in pH occur during respiratory and kidney conditions
function in Kidney: maintain acid base balance by excreting H ions – this makes pH in urine about 6
Hydrogens come from chemical reaction of the CO2+H20 etc. the reaction is the reason we generate so much Hydrogen
respiratory acidosis and alkalosis
