Chapter 23 Metabolism

Question 1

All chemical reactions that occur in the body.
Provide energy needed for homeostasis
Metabolic turnover
Growth and cell division
Special processes of the cell

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Occurs is cytoplasm
desire outcome: 2 pyruvic acid
ATP used/produced: 2 used, 4 produced
net gain: 2
NADH: 2

Answer 2

Glycolysis

Question 3

occurs in mitochondria
desired outcome: NADH and FADH
ATP used/produced: 2 produced
6 NADH
2 FADH

2 NADH during conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

Answer 3

TCA cycle

Question 4

occurs in mitochondrial membrane
desired outcome: lots of ATP
ATP used/produced: 34 produced
NADH an FADH: none

Answer 4

electron transport system

Question 5

more protein and less lipids – transports lipids from tissues back to liver to be used as fuel – this means you’re burning fat

Answer 5

HDL

Question 6

more fat than protein – created by liver to transport lipids to tissues-this is bad because you can deposit it into adipose or arteries – means you’re depositing fat

Answer 6

LDL

Question 7

i. Liver absorbs chylomicrons, removes triglycerides, combines cholesterol from chylomicron with synthesized/recycled cholesterol and alters surface proteins
1. Then releases LDL into circulation, which deliver cholesterol to peripheral tissues. Some of it is used by liver to synthesize bile salts
ii. The LDL released by liver leave blood stream through capillary pores
iii. Once in peripheral tissues, LDL are absorbed
iv. HDL returns the cholesterol to the liver, where it is extracted and packaged in new LDL or excreted with bile salts

Answer 7

HDL - good cholesterol

LDL - bad choesterol

Question 8

a. Essential for normal muscle and neuron function and normal bone structure
b. Excreted in urine and feces

Answer 8

role of calcium in body

Question 9

soluble in oils or fats

Answer 9

fat soluble

Question 10

capable of dissolving in water

Answer 10

water soluble

Question 11

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 11

A, D3, E, K

Question 12

maintains epithelia – required for synthesis of visual pigments – supports immune system
i. Leafy greens and yellow veggies

Answer 12

vitamin A

Question 13

required for normal bone growth, intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption and retention of these ions and the kidneys
i. Synthesized in skin exposed to sunlight

Answer 13

Vitamin D3

Question 14

water soluble vitamins

Answer 14

B1 (thiamine)
B2 (riboflavin)
B3 (niacin)
B5 (pantothenic acid)
B6 (pyridoxine)
B9 (folic acid)
B12 (cobalamin)
B7 (biotin)
C (ascorbic acid)

Question 15

Leading causes of death in US

Answer 15

Heart disease
Cancer
Stroke
Chronic lower respiratory disease
Car accidents