Blood exam 1

Question 1

alter the structure of proteins through changing temperature and pH

Answer 1

denature a protein

Question 2

Most abundant plasm protein - made in liver – draw fluid in the vessel and help maintain pressure

Answer 2

Albumins

Question 3

Transport ions, hormones and lipids; immune function (come from immune system)

Answer 3

Globulins

Question 4

contain hemoglobin which bind O2 and CO2 as well as give the cell its color.

Lack organelles and nucleus, so they cannot repair themselves

Answer 4

Red Blood Cells

Question 5

percent of whole blood that is formed elements

Answer 5

hematocrit

Question 6

consists of four protein subunits 2 – alpha and 2 – beta. each subunit contains a molecule of heme.

made up of heme, protein and iron

Answer 6

Hemoglobin

Question 7

mutation in code for beta chain

Answer 7

sickle cell

Question 8

trouble producing alpha and beta chains

Answer 8

phalacemia

Question 9

inability to produce enough alpha and or beta chains.

Answer 9

Thalassemia

Question 10

conditions that interfere with bodies ability to deliver oxygen

Answer 10

anemia

Question 11

formation of new RBC’s

Answer 11

Erythropoiesis

Question 12

hormone produced by the kidneys in response to hypoxia

Answer 12

erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 13

stimulus of kidney

Answer 13

low oxygen
it releases erythropoiesis and tells marrow to make more RBC - this helps you carry more oxygen and bring it to normal levels

Question 14

any substances that can trigger an immune response.

Answer 14

antigens

Question 15

proteins produced by the immune system to “attack” antigens

Answer 15

antibodies

Question 16

have nuclei and organelles but lack hemoglobin.

circulate through our blood and migrate through our tissues.

Answer 16

White blood cells

Question 17

All can migrate out of the bloodstream.

Answer 17

emigration

Question 18

attracted to chemical stimuli

Answer 18

chemotaxis

Question 19

fighting bacterial infections

have multiple nuclei

Answer 19

neutrophil

50-70%

Question 20

fighting viral infections

one massive nucleus

Answer 20

lymphocytes

20-30%

Question 21

any type of infection

aggressive and largest

Answer 21

monocytes

2-8%

Question 22

fights against parasites

Answer 22

eosinophils

2-4%

Question 23

allergic response

effects BP and stops blood circulation

Answer 23

basophils

Question 24

circulate for about 10 days before being removed by the spleen.

initiate clotting process

Answer 24

platelets

Question 25

cessation of bleeding and occurs in three phases.

Endothelial cells begin secreting chemicals that promotes smooth muscle contraction and cell division.

In addition the cells become sticky.

Answer 25

hemostatsis

Question 26

cutting of the smooth muscle in the walls of the vessel cause contraction which will decrease the diameter of the vessel.

Answer 26

Vascular phase

Question 27

release of chemicals to help form a clot. These include:
ADP
Thromboxane A2
Clotting factors
PDGF
Ca2+

Answer 27

Platelet phase

Question 28

formation of the actual clot. Blood clots are composed of protein fibers called fibrin.

Extrinsic and Intrinsic pathway.

Common pathway:
Prothrombinase -> prothrombin to thrombin ->
Fibrinogen to fibrin

Answer 28

Coagulation phase

Question 29

enzyme that digests the protein fibers

made in liver to have dissolve threads

Answer 29

plasmin