Chapter 25: Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
What explains eukaryotic cells’ success in diversifying?
dynamic cytoskeleton and membrane system
The eukaryotic cell’s cytoskeleton is a…
scaffolding of dynamic proteins
What allows eukaryotic cells to be larger than most bacteria cells?
quick transport of important molecules through vesicles is faster than diffusion (active transport vs passive)
How is there so much more diversity in size, shape, and type than prokaryotes?
membrane dynamics, compartmentalized metabolism, genome organization, genetic diversity by means of sex, and life cycle variations
What is the difference between haploid vs diploid cells?
haploid is the unpaired chromosomes; diploid is paired (so there is twice as many diploids than haploids)
cell cycle differs when the organism…
reproduces sexually or asexually
The _________ proposes that the chloroplasts and mitochondria of eukaryotic cells were originally free-living bacteria
endosymbiotic hypothesis
Chloroplasts are derived from ___________
cyanobacteria
What are the differences between chloroplasts now, and cyanobacteria?
no longer need a big genome, some genes were lost, and some genes migrated to host nucleus
mitochondria are derived from…
proteobacteria
How many superkingdoms are eukaryotes divided into?
7
Which superkingdom are animals and fungi in?
Opistokonta
Which superkingdom are land plants in?
Archaeplastida
Which superkingdom are slime molds in?
Amoebozoa
Stramenopila
superkingdom of giant kelp, brown algae, and protozoans
