Chapter 25 Bleeding And Shock

Question 1

Circulation of blood

Answer 1

Three major types of blood vessels

Arteries capillaries veins

Question 2

Veins

Answer 2

Have one-way valves prevents the blood from flowing in the wrong direction

Been under less pressure

Question 3

Nutrition

Answer 3

Blood circulates nutrition from the intestines or storage tissue (fatty tissue the liver muscle cells)

Question 4

Regulation

Answer 4

Blood carries substances that control body functions or moans water salt enzymes and chemicals also important role in regulating body temperature caring heater long skin surface where is dissipated

Question 5

Hemorrhage

Answer 5

Major cause of shock in trauma

Inadequate perfusion of body cells will eventually lead to death of tissue and organs the brain, the spinal cord and the kidneys most sensitive to in adequate perfusion

Question 6

External bleeding

Answer 6

Bleeding that Occurs outside the body

How much a person bleeds is a function of several factors size and severity of the wound size and pressure of the blood vessel that has been ruptured as well as ability to clot and stop bleeding

Question 7

Massive hemorrhage

Answer 7

Occurs when Extensive Wounds open large blood vessels or many smaller vessels

arterial bleeding blood coming from the heart is generally well oxygenated

the iron Atoms in hemoglobin turn bright red when they bind with oxygen

Question 8

Three types of external

Answer 8

Arteries veins capillaries

Arteries- spurting blood pulsating flow bright red color

Veins- steady slow flow dark red color

Capillaries-slow even flow

Question 9

Sites where massive bleeding is likely

Answer 9

Neck
both armpits
Both sides of the groin

Question 10

Capillary bleeding

Answer 10

Bleeding from capillaries which is characterized by slow oozing flow of the blood under very low pressure

Question 11

Two points to keep in mind when differentiating serious bleeding from massively bleeding

Answer 11

All bleeding is bad for patients should be stopped When to do so will depend on what other threats to life the patient may have

Another important point to keep in mind is identifying the type of bleeding is irrelevant and time consuming

Question 12

Blood thinning Medications

Answer 12

Aspirin, arfarin, clopidogrel, Pradaxa, xarelto

Question 13

Identifying massive external bleeding

Answer 13

Massive hemorrhage must be identified and controlled with in the first seconds of the primary assessment

If you find life-threatening hemorrhage must take immediate steps to correct it before performing any other assessment or treatment

Question 14

Amount of blood loss on the ground

Answer 14

This technique is in accurate but can be used four differentiating alot from a little external blood loss

Question 15

Controlling external bleeding

Answer 15

One of the most important elements in the prevention and management of shock

Question 16

Major methods of controlling external bleeding

Answer 16

Direct pressure, elevation of a limb hemostatic agent, Tourniquet, splinting and cold application, administer oxygen

Question 17

Splinting

Answer 17

Inflatable splints air splint used to control internal and External bleeding from an extremity

Form of direct pressure is full with several wins the extremity or one that extends the length of the extremity

Best use for Venus and capillary bleeding Not useful for high pressure bleeding

Question 18

Cold application

Answer 18

Called minimize swelling reduces bleeding by constructing the blood vessels

Do not apply ice pack straight to the skin wrap it with cloth or towel do not leave it in place for longer than 20 minutes

Question 19

Bleeding

Answer 19

Most often caused by direct drama striking or being struck or cut by something such as a collision or a fall, stabbing or shooting

Question 20

Nosebleeds (epistaxis)

Answer 20

Caused by direct trauma or increase blood pressure sinus infections digital drama

Hard to stop nose bleeds if taking anticoagulants such as warfarin (Coumadin)

Question 21

Internal bleeding

Answer 21

Damage to internal organs and large blood vessels can result in loss of large quantities of blood in short period of time

Internal blood loss can result from external injuries sharp bone ends of fractured femur can cause enough tissue and blood vessel damage to cause hypoperfusion

Question 22

Signs of internal bleeding

Answer 22

Bruising swelling tenderness over vital organs specially chest and abdomen

Bleeding from the mouth rectum vagina or other body orifice

Tender rigid or distend abdomen

vomiting coffee grinds like substance or bright red vomitus indicating the presence of blood

Red blood is a new active or current injury dark blood is usually old

Question 23

Shock

Answer 23

The body’s reaction to decrease blood circulation to the organ system

Question 24

Compensated shock

Answer 24

The body senses the decrease in perfusion attempts to compensate for it

Increased heart rate increased respiration construction of the Paris feel circulation pale cool skin
Infants and children increased capillary refill time

Question 25

Decompensated Shock

Answer 25

At the point when the body can no longer compensate for blood volume or lack of perfusion

Low blood pressure Irreparable damage to vital organs such as the kidney and death

Question 26

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 26

Hypovolemic shock most common seen by Emt’s
caused by uncontrolled bleeding hemorrhaging also can be called hemorrhagic shock

Burns or crash injuries where plasma is lost or dehydration

Question 27

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 27

Develop some patient suffering from Myocardial infarction or heart attack

Electrical system of the heart my be malfunctioning causing a heartbeat too slow to fast for irregular

Congestive heart failure look for low blood pressure edema in the feet ankles or other signs of heart failure

Question 28

Neurogenic shock

Answer 28

Uncontrolled dilation of blood vessels from nerve paralysis cause my spinal cord injury

Sepsis, anaphylactic reaction may result in vasodilation that may cause shock

Question 29

Signs and symptoms of shock

Answer 29

Altered mental status pale cool and clammy nausea and vomiting vital sign changes late signs include Thirst dilated pupils cyanosis around lips and nail beds

Question 30

Acidosis

Answer 30

A condition that occurs when cells receive insufficient oxygen and generate acidic waste products that accumulate in the blood