Chapter 24 Renal Emergencies

Question 1

Blood clotting

Answer 1

Two major components platelets and clotting factors

Platelets most rapid and initial response to bleeding

Clotting a group of proteins that are produced in the liver related to the bloodstream

Clotting factors circulate inactive but activate when damage occurs to the lining of a damage blood vessel

Clotting cascade

Question 2

Coagulopathies

Answer 2

Normal clotting of blood..
clotting can be poor to patients with advanced liver disease such as cirrhosis

Hemophiliacs inherit disorder that prevents producing certain clotting factors

Von Willebrand’s disease is most common inherited blood disorder occurring in about one in 1000 persons. Patients platelets function defective allowing excessive bleeding

Question 3

Asprin and plavix(clopidogrel)

Answer 3

Inhibit platelet aggregation

Question 4

Anemia

Answer 4

Lack of a normal number of red blood cells in the circulation

Question 5

Acute anemia

Answer 5

Maybe the result of trauma or a sudden massive bleeding from the Gastrointestinal track

Will rapidly show signs and symptoms of shock rapid pulse rate cool clammy skin hypotension

Question 6

Chronic anemia

Answer 6

Occurs over time and can be caused by conditions such as recurrent heavy menstrual periods slow gastrointestinal bleeding or disease that involve bone marrow or structure of hemoglobin molecules itself.

They will appear pale than normal because of lack of circulating red blood cells

Complain of fatigue and shortness of breath with exertion lack of adequate oxygen being delivered to the body cells

Prolonged period of time before exhibiting signs of shock

Question 7

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 7

Inherited disease genetic defect in their hemoglobin abnormal structure of red blood cells

A current patient of African Middle Eastern or Indian dissent most common an African dissent

Chronic anemia

Question 8

Sickle cell anemia complications

Answer 8

Destruction of the spleen- Spleen important and fighting infections patience with CSA higher risk for severe life-threatening infection’s

Sickle cell pain crisis-Caused by sliding of cycled RBCs and capillaries severe pain in arms legs chest and abdomen

Acute chest syndrome-Shortness of breath chest pain associated with hypoxia when blood vessels in the long become blocked

Priapism-Painful prolong your actions and milk her is because sledging RBCs prevent normal blood drainage from the ear of penis

Stroke- sledging RBCs blood blood vessels that supply the brain

Jandus-liver becomes overwhelmed by breakdown and red blood cells yellowish pigmentation of body tissue

Question 9

Renal system

Answer 9

Two Kidneys two ureters and a single urethra

Kidneys are responsible for Filtration of blood removal of waste products kidneys are essential for life

Question 10

Urinary track infection

Answer 10

Most common disease process that a flex the Reno and urinary system

Caused by bacteria limited to the bladder causing symptoms of painful and frequent urination

If untreated the sands of the ureter into the kidney turns into Pyelonephritis

Question 11

Peylonephritis

Answer 11

Infection that begins in the urinary track ascends up the ureter into the kidney

Chief complaint unilateral flank pain in addition to normal UTI symptoms they will appear more ill than those with uncomplicated Bladder infections

Question 12

Urinary catheters

Answer 12

UTIs and local trauma at the site of catheter insertion are two most common complications in countered with urinary catheters

Question 13

Renal failure

Answer 13

Loss of kidney ability to filter the blood remove toxins and excess fluid from the body

Acute and chronic disease

Question 14

Acute renal failure

Answer 14

Occurs as a result of shock toxic ingestion

Can recover normal kidney function is if underlining causes is rapidly identified and corrected

Question 15

Chronic renal failure

Answer 15

Inherited disease such as Polycystic kidney disease

Long-term damage caused by poorly controlled diabetes high blood pressure result in loss of normal renal functions

Question 16

End stage renal disease

Answer 16

Usually require dialysis to survive 900,000 Americans treated for SRD and 400,000 patients are on chronic dialysis

Question 17

Dialysis

Answer 17

Process by which an external medical system independent of the kidneys is used to remove toxins and excess fluid from the body

Question 18

Hemodialysis

Answer 18

90% of SRD patients require hemodialysis

8% of US dialysis patients treat themselves at home with home hemodialysis or Peritoneal

Treatment/weekly 3 to 4 hours

Question 19

Hemodialysis

Answer 19

Most common form of dialysis connected to daily machine pumps blood specialize filters remove toxins and excess fluid

Two large catheters one blood to flow out of body are the catheter return blood to the body

Question 20

Thrill

Answer 20

A vibration felt on gentle palpation such as that which typically occurs within an arterial venous fistula

Patient protective of fistula will insist she use another extra media team blood pressure

Question 21

Peritoneal dialysis

Answer 21

Home dialysis most popular outside United States and Canada

Use large surface area inside the peritoneal cavity that surrounds the abdomen organs as a means of removing toxins and excess fluid from the body

Question 22

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

Answer 22

Most common type of PD left in cavity clamp catheter 46 hours exchange several times a day uses gravity

Question 23

Continuous cycler assisted peritoneal dialysis(ccpd)

Answer 23

Same type of catheter as COPD uses machine to fill and empty abdominal cavity 3 to 5 times a day during the night

In the morning last Phil remains in the abdomen with a dwelltime that last the entire day