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Intro Biology I Lecture > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Somatic Mutation

A

Results in the mutation occuring in the daughter cells of the original mutated cells

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2
Q

Transcription Factors

A

Bind to a specific site, the promoter region of a DNA molecule

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3
Q

tRNA

3 properties

A

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

Contains an anticodon that matched the codon on the mRNA

There are 61 different tRNAs

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4
Q

ANTISENSE STRAND OF DNA

A

The strand of DNA that is not used as the template for production of mRNA.

The antisense strand actually is actually very similar to the mRNA. The only difference is that the mRNA has U in place of T.

GCTAAGCTAC -sense

CGATTCGATG -antisense

CGAUUCGAUG -mRNA

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5
Q

Chromosomes

A

Long strands of DNA wrapped around histone proteins found in the nucleus

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6
Q

Codon

A

a specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis —called also triplet

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7
Q

Complementary Base Pairing

A

One base only pairs up with one other base.

GC

AT

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8
Q

Cytosine

A

a pyrimidine base that pairs with thymine

found in both DNA and RNA

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9
Q

Deoxyribose

A

The 5-carbon sugar unit for DNA

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10
Q

DNA Ligase

A

Enzyme that ties DNA molecules together during DNA replication.

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11
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

promotes replication or repair of DNA using single-stranded DNA as a template

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12
Q

Exons

A

Pieces of DNA and RNA that code for a protein.

The pieces of mRNA that are spliced together after the introns have been removed.

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13
Q

Frameshift Mutation

A

A genetic mutation caused by addition or deletion of a nucleotide to a DNA strand.

Results in a whole chain of missense.

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14
Q

Genetic Code

A

Codons in RNA that determine the specific amino acid sequence in protein.

There are 64 codons in the genetic code.

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15
Q

rRNA

A

rRNA makes up part of the ribosome assisting in translation.

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16
Q

Semiconservative

A

The normal process of DNA synthesis, in which the two original strands of the molecule separate, and each acts as a template on which a new complementary strand is laid down.

17
Q

Sense Codon

A

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids.

The genetic codes contains 61sense codons

18
Q

Sense Strand of DNA

A

The strand of the DNA which is used during transcription to make mRNA.

GCTAAGCTAC -sense

 CGATTCGATG -antisense

CGAUUCGAUG -mRNA

19
Q

Silent Mutation

A

A form of point mutation resulting in a codon that codes for the same or a different amino acid but without any functional change in the protein product.

20
Q

Mutation

A

A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

21
Q

DNA

A

Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid

Nucleic acid found in cells; the genetic material that specifies protein synthesis in cells.

The major component of chromosomes.

22
Q

Double helix

A

Double spiral; describes the three dimensional shape of DNA

23
Q

Nucleotide

A

Monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of a 5-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

Pg. 39

24
Q

RNA

(3 characteristics)

A

Stands for Ribonucleic acid.

Occurs in three forms: messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA.

Involved in production of protein.

25
Q

mRNA

A

Stands for messenger RNA.

Has a sequence of codons, which specifies the sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

26
Q

tRNA

A

Stands for transfer RNA.

A Type of RNA that transfers a particular amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis; at one end, it binds to the amion acid, and at the other end, it has an anticodon that binds to an mRNA codon.

27
Q

Guanine

(3 characteristics)

A

(G)

One of four nitrogenous bases in nucleotides composing the structure of DNA and RNA.

Forms three hydrogen bonds with cysteine.

Classified as a purine base.

28
Q

Thymine

A

(T)

One of four nitrogenous bases in nucleotides composing the structure of DNA, but not RNA.

Forms two hydrogen bonds with adenine.

Classified as a pyrimidine base.

29
Q

Uracil

A

(U)

The nitrogenous base found only in RNA.

30
Q

Purines

A

(Pu)

A nitrogenous base with a double-ring sturcture.

Adenine and Guanine are the only bases with this type of sturcture.

Intro Biology I Lecture (20 decks)

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