Chapter 24 - Chemistry of Life

Question 1

photosynthesis

Answer 1

when the chloroplast of a plant cell converts sunlight into energy

Question 2

amino acid

Answer 2

any compound that contains an amino group

Question 3

peptide

Answer 3

any combination of amino acids where the amino group of one amino acid is united with the carboxyl group of another amino acid

Question 4

peptide bond

Answer 4

The amide bond between the carboxyl groups and the amino acid; which yields a nitrogen in the reaction(peptide bond)

Question 5

protein

Answer 5

a peptide with more than 100 amino acids

Question 6

enzymes

Answer 6

proteins that act as biological catalysts

Question 7

substrates

Answer 7

molecules on which an enzyme acts

Question 8

active site

Answer 8

The place on an enzyme where a substrate binds

Question 9

lipids

Answer 9

Fats, oils and other water insoluble compounds

Question 10

triglyceride

Answer 10

Natural fats and oils that exist as triesters of glycerol with fatty acids

Question 11

saponification

Answer 11

the hydrolysis of oils and fats by boiling with an aqueous solution of an alkali- metal hydroxide

Question 12

phospholipids

Answer 12

lipids that contain phosphate groups

Question 13

waxes

Answer 13

esters of long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohols

Question 14

nucleic acids

Answer 14

nitrogen containing compounds that are polymers and live in the cell nuclei

Question 15

nucleotide

Answer 15

the monomers that make up the DNA and the RNA polymers

Question 16

gene

Answer 16

a segment of DNA that carries the instruction for making one peptide chain

Question 17

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 17

a molecule that transmits energy in the cells of living organisms

Question 18

metabolism

Answer 18

an organism where chemical reactions take place in the body

Question 19

catabolism

Answer 19

unneeded cellular components and the nutrients of food are broken down (inside the metabolism)

Question 20

anabolism

Answer 20

uses energy and is the place of the synthesis reactions in metabolism