Chapter 22 - Hydrocarbon Compounds

Question 1

hydrocarbons

Answer 1

the simplest organic compounds that contain only a carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

alkane

Answer 2

a hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent bonds

Question 3

straight - chain alkanes

Answer 3

things that contain carbon atoms in a chain 
Methane = 1 carbon 
Ethane = 2 carbons 
Propane = 3 carbons 
Butane= 4 carbons

Question 4

homologous series

Answer 4

this is when a group of straight - chain alkanes have a constant increment of change in molecular structure from one compound to the next.

Question 5

condensed structural formula

Answer 5

example: CH3-CH3

Question 6

alkyl group

Answer 6

a hydrocarbon substituent

Question 7

branched-chain alkane

Answer 7

An alkane with one or more alkyl groups

Question 8

substituent

Answer 8

An atom that can take the place of a hydrocarbon atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule

Question 9

saturated compounds

Answer 9

organic compounds that contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms per carbon atom

Question 10

unsaturated compounds

Answer 10

compounds that contain double or triple carbon to carbon bonds

Question 11

alkenes

Answer 11

hydrocarbons that have double covalent bonding( carbon to carbon)

Question 12

alkynes

Answer 12

hydrocarbons that have triple covalent bonding( carbon to carbon)

Question 13

aliphatic hydrocarbons

Answer 13

straight chain and branched chain alkanes, alkenes and alkynes

Question 14

isomers

Answer 14

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures

Question 15

structural isomers

Answer 15

compounds that have the same molecular formula but the atoms are joined together in a different order.

Question 16

stereoisomers

Answer 16

molecules in which the atoms are joined in the same order but the positions of the atoms are different

Question 17

geometric isomers

Answer 17

atoms that are joined in the same order but differ in the orientation of groups around a double bond

Question 18

trans configuration

Answer 18

when the methyl groups are at opposite ends

Question 19

cis configuration

Answer 19

when the methyl groups are opposite each other

Question 20

asymmetric carbon

Answer 20

is when a carbon has four different atoms or groups attached

Question 21

optical isomers

Answer 21

is when a carbon has four different atoms or groups attached that are arranged around a central carbon atom

Question 22

cyclic hydrocarbons

Answer 22

compounds that contain a hydrocarbon chain in the form of a ring

Question 23

aromatic compound

Answer 23

a organic compound that contains a benzine ring

Question 24

cracking

Answer 24

a controlled process where hydrocarbons are broken down to be more useful