Chapter 13 - States of Matter

Question 1

kinetic energy

Answer 1

the energy an object has because of its motion

Question 2

kinetic theory

Answer 2

tiny particles are in constant motion

Question 3

gas pressure

Answer 3

a force exerted by gas per unit surface area of an object

Question 4

vacum

Answer 4

an empty space with no particles and no pressure

Question 5

barometer

Answer 5

device to measure atmospheric pressure

Question 6

Pascal

Answer 6

the SI unit of pressure; 1 atm = 101.3 kPa

Question 7

relationship between atm, mm Hg, kPa

Answer 7

1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa

Question 8

vaporization

Answer 8

conversion of a liquid to a gas or vapor (at boiling surface)

Question 9

evaporation

Answer 9

conversion of liquid to a gas (not at boiling surface)

Question 10

vapor pressure

Answer 10

measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid

Question 11

boiling point

Answer 11

the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid

Question 12

normal boiling point

Answer 12

boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3 kPa

Question 13

melting point

Answer 13

temperature at which solid changes into a liquid

Question 14

allotropes

Answer 14

two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state (e.g. carbon has allotropes of diamond, bucky balls, graphite)

Question 15

amorphous solid

Answer 15

a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure (e.g. rubber, plastic, asphalt)

Question 16

sublimation

Answer 16

change of a substance from a solid to a vapor

Question 17

triple point

Answer 17

when all three phases exist in equilibrium with one another