Chapter 19 - Acids, Bases, and Salts

Question 1

monoprotic acid

Answer 1

Acids that contain one ionizable hydrogen (ie diprotic acids = acids that have two ionizable hydrogens ext.)

Question 2

conjugate acid

Answer 2

the particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion

Question 3

conjugate base

Answer 3

is the particle that is left when a base donates a hydrogen ion

Question 4

conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 4

is when two substances are related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion

Question 5

Hydronium ion

Answer 5

when a water molecule gains an extra hydrogen ion (H3O)

Question 6

amphoteric

Answer 6

a substance that will either accept a hydrogen ion or donate it (an example is water)

Question 7

Lewis acid

Answer 7

a substance that accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Question 8

Lewis base

Answer 8

a substance that donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

Question 9

self ionization

Answer 9

when water molecules produce ions

Question 10

neutral solution

Answer 10

any aqueous solution that the hydrogen ions match the hydroxide ions

Question 11

ion product constant for water

Answer 11

h+ x oh- = 1 x 10^-14

Question 12

acidic solution

Answer 12

when the hydrogen ions outnumber the oh- ions

Question 13

basic solution

Answer 13

when the oh- ions outnumber the h+ ions

Question 14

alkaline solution

Answer 14

a basic solution

Question 15

ph

Answer 15

the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution (ph=-log(H+)

Question 16

strong acids

Answer 16

completely ionize in aqueous solutions

Question 17

weak acids

Answer 17

ionize slightly in aqueous solutions

Question 18

acid dissociation constant

Answer 18

is the ratio of the concentration of the dissociated form an acid to the concentration of the non ionized form

Question 19

strong bases

Answer 19

completely break into metal ions and hydroxide ions aqueous solutions

Question 20

weak bases

Answer 20

react with aqueous solutions to form the hydroxide ion and the conjugate acid of the base

Question 21

base dissociation constant

Answer 21

is the ratio of the concentration of the conjugate acid times the concentration of the hydroxide ion to the concentration of the base.

Question 22

neutralization reaction

Answer 22

when an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water

Question 23

equivalence proportion

Answer 23

when the -oh ions match the h+ ions

Question 24

titration

Answer 24

when you know one concentration and you use it to find another concentration

Question 25

standard solution

Answer 25

the solution of the known concentration

Question 26

end point

Answer 26

when the indicator changes color

Question 27

salt hydrolysis

Answer 27

the cations of anions of a dissociated salt remove hydrogen ions or donate them to to the water

Question 28

buffer

Answer 28

is a solution in which the ph remains relatively constant when small amounts of acids and bases are added

Question 29

buffer capacity

Answer 29

the amount of acid or base that can be added to the buffer solution before a significant change in ph occurs.