Chapter 24 Flashcards
Characteristics of fungi
multicellular, some are terrestrial, some are aquatic, some are unicellular yeasts, main fungus body is mycelium, which is made up of hyphae
the main fungus body, a network of filaments which are made up of tubular cells with rigid cell walls containing chitin
no septate walls, becomes multinucleated, cell membranes contain ergosterol, and are absorptive heterotrophs, secrete hydrolytic enzymes and acids
hyphae
specialized hyphae that penetrate cell walls of the host plant without killing it, is parasitic
haustoria
asexual or sexual?
grow new genetically identical mycelia growths, is called mold
asexual
asexual or sexual?
fragmentation: bits of mycelium can grow into a new individual
asexual
asexual or sexual?
budding: a bud develops on the yeast or hypha, with the cytoplasm being continuous with that of the parent cell
asexual
three steps of sexual reproduction
plasmogamy, heterokaryotic stage, and karyogamy
fusion of haploid + and -hyphae
plasmogamy
hyphae with unfused haploid nuclei of both types
heterokaryotic stage
fusion of the +/- haploid nuclei to form zygote
karyogamy
fungi are…
opisthokonts
basal fungal group
aquatic decomposer
flagellated spores
chytrids
sexual cycle makes a resistant zygosporangium
coencytic hyphae
zygomycetes
mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizae
glomeromycetes
sexual spores within saclike ascus
ascomycetes
sexual spores within club-like basidium
mushrooms
basidiomycetes
break down dead tissue
decomposer
fungi living in close association with plant roots
mycorrhizae
fungus remains outside root and between cells
ectomycorrhizae
fungi penetrate cell walls, and form haustoria
endomycorrhizae
fungi living in close association with photosynthetic unicellular chlorophyte or cyanobacteria
fungus provides the framework, moisture, minerals and the algae/cyanobacteria provide sugar
lichens
a fungal disease produced on plants which, if ingested, can cause headache, vomiting, diarrhea, and gangrene of fingers and toes
ergot/ergotism
type of fungus that that live in water and kill amphibians
chytrid
