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Biology 112 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

who was the first to observe protists

A

anton von leeuwenhoek

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2
Q

eukaryotic cell structure

A

cytoskeleton, microtubules, flagella, cilia, centrioles, microfilaments, myosin motor proteins

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3
Q

modes of nutrition

A

photoautotroph, chemoheterotroph

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4
Q

makes their own food via photosynthesis

all with chloroplasts with chlorophyll A

A

photoautotrophs

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5
Q

an organism deriving energy from chemicals

through absorption or ingestion

A

chemoheterotrophs

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6
Q

monomers cross plasma membrane by diffusion/active transport

A

absorptive

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7
Q

particles taken into cell by phagocytosis

A

ingestive

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8
Q

where did the nucleus and ER come from

A

a heterotrophic prokaryote gained nucleus and ER from enfolded plasma membrane

endosymbiotic theory

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9
Q

where did the mitochondria come from

A

gained from endosymbiosis of aerobic heterotrophic bacterium

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10
Q

______ have their own DNA which is circular, two membranes with proteins that look like bacteria

A

mitochondrion

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11
Q

where did the chloroplast come from

A

gained from endosymbiosis of cyanobacterium

serial endosymbiosis hypothesis

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12
Q

where did unique plastids come from

A

eukaryotic, symbiotic alga cells through secondary endosymbiosis

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13
Q

entire life cycle as single cell

A

unicellular

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14
Q

daughter cells remain connected together

A

colonial

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15
Q

cell specialization, interdependence, cell junction, communication and coordination

A

multicellular

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16
Q

nuclear division without cytokinesis

A

multinucleate

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17
Q

three types of excavata

A

diplomonads, parabasalids, euglenozoans

18
Q

characteristics of excavata

A

unicellular, feeding groove, flagellated, and no cell wall

19
Q

type of excavata

unicellular, multiple flagella, no cell wall, anaerobic, reduced mitochondria, most are parasitic

durable cysts consumed in water, causes diarrhea

A

diplomonads

20
Q

type of excavata

unicellular, multiple flagella, no cell wall, anaerobic, reduced mitochondria, asexual, most are symbiotic

ex: trichomonas vaginalis-human vaginal parasite

A

parabasalids

21
Q

type of excavata

unicellular, no cell wall, flagella with crystalline rod

A

euglenozoans

22
Q

two types of euglenozoans

A

euglenas and trypanosomas

23
Q

type of euglenozoan

free-living, aquatic, autotroph with green chloroplasts or heterotroph or mixotroph

A

euglenas

24
Q

type of euglenozoan

blood parasite, causes sleeping sickness

uses vectors

A

trypanosoma

25
Q

3 types of stramenopiles

A

diatoms, brown algae, oomycetes

26
Q

type of stramenopile

unicellular phytoplankton, key primary producers, yellow and brown accessory pigments, silica walls, diatomaceous earth deposits, no flagellum, mostly diploid and divide by mitosis, when they get too small they do meiosis

A

diatoms

27
Q

type of stramenopile

multicellular, mostly seaweeds, brownish accessory pigments, large thallose form, cell wall with cellulose and algin, ex: kelp

A

brown algae

28
Q

type of stramenopile

filamentous, multinucleate, absorptive, superficially resemble fungi, cell walls with cellulose, filamentous growth is diploid, spores have feathery flagella

A

oomycetes

29
Q

three types of alveolates

A

dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates

30
Q

type of alveolate

unicellular aquatic heterotrophs or phytoplankton with reddish accessory pigments, pair of flagella in perpendicular grooves, many have internal cellulose plates, many are photosynthetic mutualists with corals, some are bioluminescent

A

dinoflagellates

31
Q

type of alveolate

unicellular parasites of animals, no cell wall, apical complex helps them enter host cells, complex life cycles, ex: plasmodium and toxoplasma

A

apicomplexans

32
Q

type of alveolate

unicellular ingestive heterotroph with no cell wall, aquatic, cilia for feeding and locomotion, both macronucleus and micronucleus divide, conjugation trades haploid micronuclei

A

ciliates

33
Q

all alveolates have…

A

membrane-enclosed sac beneath the cell membrane

34
Q

type of protist with chloroplasts from primary endosymbiotic event with cell walls, all include cellulose

A

archaeplastida

35
Q

two types of archaeplastida

A

red algae, chlorophytes

36
Q

type of archaeplastida

mostly marine, multicellular seaweeds, chloroplasts include unique red phycoerythrin accessory pigment; helps absorb light in deeper water, is a food source for humans (nori, ice cream), cellulose and unique cell wall polysaccharides

A

red algae

37
Q

type of archaeplastida

green algae, most are freshwater, many marine, many with bi-flagellated cells, unicellular forms: phytoplankton, multicellular form: freshwater algae

A

chlorophytes

38
Q

three types of amoebozoans

A

slime molds, tubulinids, entamoebas

39
Q

type of amoebozoan

use pseudopodia to move and ingest bacteria, plasmodial ______ feed as multinucleate plasmodium, cellular ______ feed as single cells then gather as an aggregate when food is gone to form spores

A

slime molds

40
Q

type of amoebozoan

unicellular, free-living, aquatic or moist terrestrial, moves with pseudopodia feeding on bacteria, protists, detritus

A

tubulinids

41
Q

type of amoebozoans

unicellular parasites of animals, kills and feeds on host cells, spreads by durable cyst form

A

entamoebas

Biology 112 (11 decks)

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