Chapter 23: Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the natural source of anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis, found in soil G+
What are the three different manifestations of anthrax infections?
- Cutaneous: enter through minor cut
- Gastrointestinal: Ingestion of undercooked/contaminated food
- Inhalational: pulmonary, inhalation of spores
Which form of anthrax is the most serious threat to the infected host?
Inhalational (pulmonary)
Septicemia:
Acute illness due to presence of pathogens/toxins in blood
Sepsis:
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (body response to septicemia)
Lymphangitis:
Inflamed lymph vessels
Severe sepsis:
Decreased blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one organ
Septic shock:
Sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure
Which body organ is affected by lymphangitis? What is the sign that indicated lymphangitis?
Lymph nodes.
Inflamed lymph vessels (red)
What is the term “puerperal” linked to?
Puerperal sepsis. Streptococcus pyogenes was transmitted to the mother during childbirth, infects the uterus (perionitis)
What is the source of the bacterium that causes gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
What is the mechanism that leads to rheumatic fever?
Autoimmune complication of Streptococcus pyogenes, due to molecular mimicry mistaking streptococcal M protein with cells w/in heart valve
What is the toxin that causes gangrene?
Phospholipase C (PLC) and perfringolysin O (PFO)
toxins get released to help it invade the host tissue more
How is ischemia linked to gangrene?
Ischemia is the loss of blood supply to tissue, meaning is a good environment for bacteria to grow and can lead to gangrene
How does gas gangrene spread?
Clostridium perfringes is introduced to host by Ischemia, the loss of blood supply is a good enviroment for bacteria to grow and ferment since it’s anaerobic. It then produces toxins (PLC and PFO) and release gases that causes gangrene (death of tissue)
What is the animal reservoir for the microorganism that causes the plague?
Small mammals and their fleas
Yersinia pestis is the bacteria
What are the most common forms of the plague?
> Bubonic plague – bacterial growth in blood and lymph (most common 50-75% mortality)
Septicemic plaque – septic shock due to bacteria in blood
Pneumonic plague – bacteria in lungs (easily spread results in 100% mortality rate)
What is a buboe?
Swollen lymph nodes
What is the distinct sign that indicated Lyme disease?
Bull’s eye rash, flue-like symptoms
What is the vector that transmits Lyme disease?
Ticks
Bacteria responsible for Lyme disease:
Borrelia burgdorferi
What are two diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus?
Which is most common?
(Herpesviridae)
- Burkitt’s lymphoma- tumor of the jaw
- Infectious mononucleosis- replicates in resting memory B cells.
How is EBV transmitted to a new host?
“kissing disease” transferred via saliva
Which age group is more likely to experience a new infection with EBV?
15-25 y/o
