Chapter 23: Microbial Diseases of Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the natural source of anthrax?

Answer 1

Bacillus anthracis, found in soil G+

Question 2

What are the three different manifestations of anthrax infections?

Answer 2

• Cutaneous: enter through minor cut
• Gastrointestinal: Ingestion of undercooked/contaminated food
• Inhalational: pulmonary, inhalation of spores

Question 3

Which form of anthrax is the most serious threat to the infected host?

Answer 3

Inhalational (pulmonary)

Question 4

Septicemia:

Answer 4

Acute illness due to presence of pathogens/toxins in blood

Question 5

Sepsis:

Answer 5

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (body response to septicemia)

Question 6

Lymphangitis:

Answer 6

Inflamed lymph vessels

Question 7

Severe sepsis:

Answer 7

Decreased blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one organ

Question 8

Septic shock:

Answer 8

Sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure

Question 9

Which body organ is affected by lymphangitis? What is the sign that indicated lymphangitis?

Answer 9

Lymph nodes.
Inflamed lymph vessels (red)

Question 10

What is the term “puerperal” linked to?

Answer 10

Puerperal sepsis. Streptococcus pyogenes was transmitted to the mother during childbirth, infects the uterus (perionitis)

Question 11

What is the source of the bacterium that causes gangrene?

Answer 11

Clostridium perfringens

Question 12

What is the mechanism that leads to rheumatic fever?

Answer 12

Autoimmune complication of Streptococcus pyogenes, due to molecular mimicry mistaking streptococcal M protein with cells w/in heart valve

Question 13

What is the toxin that causes gangrene?

Answer 13

Phospholipase C (PLC) and perfringolysin O (PFO)

toxins get released to help it invade the host tissue more

Question 14

How is ischemia linked to gangrene?

Answer 14

Ischemia is the loss of blood supply to tissue, meaning is a good environment for bacteria to grow and can lead to gangrene

Question 15

How does gas gangrene spread?

Answer 15

Clostridium perfringes is introduced to host by Ischemia, the loss of blood supply is a good enviroment for bacteria to grow and ferment since it’s anaerobic. It then produces toxins (PLC and PFO) and release gases that causes gangrene (death of tissue)

Question 16

What is the animal reservoir for the microorganism that causes the plague?

Answer 16

Small mammals and their fleas
Yersinia pestis is the bacteria

Question 17

What are the most common forms of the plague?

Answer 17

> Bubonic plague – bacterial growth in blood and lymph (most common 50-75% mortality)
Septicemic plaque – septic shock due to bacteria in blood
Pneumonic plague – bacteria in lungs (easily spread results in 100% mortality rate)

Question 18

What is a buboe?

Answer 18

Swollen lymph nodes

Question 19

What is the distinct sign that indicated Lyme disease?

Answer 19

Bull’s eye rash, flue-like symptoms

Question 20

What is the vector that transmits Lyme disease?

Answer 20

Ticks

Question 21

Bacteria responsible for Lyme disease:

Answer 21

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 22

What are two diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus?
Which is most common?

Answer 22

(Herpesviridae)
- Burkitt’s lymphoma- tumor of the jaw
- Infectious mononucleosis- replicates in resting memory B cells.

Question 23

How is EBV transmitted to a new host?

Answer 23

“kissing disease” transferred via saliva

Question 24

Which age group is more likely to experience a new infection with EBV?

Answer 24

15-25 y/o

Question 25

Which cell is infected and compromised to cause infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 25

Memory B cells

Question 26

Approximately how long does mono last?

Answer 26

4-7 weeks

Question 27

How is CMV cytomegalovirus transmitted to a new host?

Answer 27

Sexually, via blood, saliva or transplanted tissue

Question 28

What groups are most at risk to get CMV?

Answer 28

Newborns

Question 29

Which specific cell types are infected by CMV?

Answer 29

white blood cells

Question 30

What can happen if a pregnant person gets CMV?

Answer 30

virus in your blood can pass through the placenta to your baby

Mental retardation or hearing loss in newborns

Question 31

What is the major sign of Ebola virus infection?

Answer 31

(Filvoviridae, top 5 deadliest in world)

• Bleeding from mucous membranes

Question 32

Where in the world is Ebola common?

Answer 32

Africa

Question 33

About how long does it take for Ebola to kill the host?

Answer 33

6-16 days from first symptoms.