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Microbiology > Chapter 21: Microbial Diseases of Skin > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Microbial Diseases of Skin Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Vesicles:

A

Small fluid-filled lesions.
(If larger than 1cm, is called a bulla.

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2
Q

Bullae:

A

Larger fluid-filled lesions (>1cm)

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3
Q

Macules:

A

Flat lesions (often reddish)

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4
Q

Papules:

A

Raised lesions.
When they contain pus are called Pustules

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5
Q

Pathogenic Bacteria of Skin
»Folliculitis:

A

S. aureus entering body through natural opening (hair follicle)
Ex. Sty, an infected follicle of an eyelash.
Furuncle & Carbuncle are present

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6
Q

Carbuncle:

A

Hard round deep inflammation of tissue under the skin.
(Deeper into tissue causes symptoms of Fever)

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7
Q

Furuncle:

A

(Boil) abscess, localized region of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue

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8
Q

Pathogenic Bacteria of Skin
»Impetigo:

A

S. aureus
> Nonbullous impetigo:
- Most common form
- Pathogen enters through minor break in skin
- Sympt: host’s response to infection.
Generally heals without treatment/scarring.

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9
Q

Pathogenic Bacteria of Skin
» Scalded Skin Syndrome

A

S. aureus
> Bollous impetigo:
- Most pathogenic
- Caused by Staph toxin
- Exfoliative toxin A- localized
- Exfoliative toxin B- distant sites
- Cause separation of skin layers

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10
Q

Pathogenic Bacteria of Skin
» Toxic Shock Syndrome TSS

A

S. aureus
- Life threatening condition
- Fever, vomiting, sunburn-like, organ failure
- Originally known as Staphylococcal growth w/use of tampons

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11
Q

Which Gram+ bacterium causes inflammatory acne?

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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12
Q

What are comedos and comedones?

A
  • Comedos: whiteheads
  • Comedones: blackheads
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13
Q

What is a virulence factor?

A

Characteristics of the ability of a microbe to cause disease.
Ex. Structure, enzymes, proteins

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14
Q

What are the names of the toxins that cause scalded skin syndrome?

A
  • Exfoliative toxin A- localized
  • Exfoliative toxin B- distant

Allow bacteria to penetrate
Cause separation of skin layers

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15
Q

Which two bacteria cause impetigo?

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Staphylococcus pyogenes (group A beta strep)
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16
Q

How does TSST-1 affect the body?

A
  • Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1:

Tampons being left in body too long, forms at growth site releases toxins and circulates in bloodstream.

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17
Q

Which organic acid produced by fermenting bacteria causes inflammation in the skin?

A

-Propionic acid.
Metabolizes sebum and forms free fatty acids.

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18
Q

Which type of acne is the most severe?

A

Nodular cystic acne

19
Q

What is the basis for subdividing Streptococcus into smaller divisions? (be able to recognize Greek letters)

A

Alpha - some hemolysin activity (partially lyse)

Beta - Strong hemolysin activity (fully lyse)

Gama - No hemolysin activity (no lyse rbc)

20
Q

Why are the Group A β Strep relevant? (GAS)

A
  • Most common human pathogens.
  • Produce streptolysins: lyse RBC and are toxic to neutrophils
  • Promote rapid spread of infection by liquefying pus.
21
Q

In what groups of people does Group B β Strep mainly cause disease?

A
  • Newborn babies (can be passed during childbirth b/c mom has it apart of their microbiome)
  • Pregnant women
  • Elderly
  • Immunosuppressed people
22
Q

What are the toxins that contribute to necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Pyrogenic toxins

23
Q

Which bacterium is associated with water and can cause problems with swimmers or bathers?

A
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    causes Pseudomonas dermatitis because pores open up in warm water; allow bacteria to enter.
24
Q

How does measles spread?

A
  • Rubeola (paramyxoviridae)

Spread by the respiratory route droplets

25
Q

What is the approximation incubation period of measles?

A

10-12 days and can infect 16-18 people.

26
Q

How does the chicken pox rash change over time?

A

First 3-4 days cause just vesicles
Then vesicles fill with pus and rupture forming scabs

27
Q

Can an adult with shingles give chicken pox to a child?

A

yes

28
Q

Are the viruses present in the body continually between chicken pox and shingles?

A

Yes, they remain latent in the host’s cells

29
Q

Can someone with shingles give shingles to other person?

A

chicken pox and singles are caused by the same virus (Varicella-Zoster Virus) but chicken pox is due to the initial infection, and shingles is due to virus being reactivated within the body. If you had chicken pox before, it would only reactivate as shingles.

30
Q

Which form of herpes simplex most commonly manifests near the mouth?

A

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)

31
Q

How is oral herpes usually spread?

A

Orally or respiratory

32
Q

Which type of herpes simplex is much more common?

A

HSV-1

33
Q

Where does herpes simplex type-2 show lesions?

A

Genitalia
it is transmitted sexually (primarily)

34
Q

How do superficial mycoses obtain nutrients?

A

Outer layer of skin is used as food source/nutrients. Grows on keratin

35
Q

what are some genera of fungi that can infect the skin?

A
  • Trichophyton: infect hair, skin, nails
  • Microsporum: infects only the hair or skin
  • Epidermophyton: affects only skin and nails
36
Q

Ringworm of the scalp:

A

Tinea capitis

37
Q

Ringworm of the groin:

A

Tinea cruri

38
Q

Ringworm of the foot:

A

Tinea pedis

39
Q

Ringworm of the fingernails/toenails?

A

Tinea unguium

40
Q

What are the two skin parasites discussed in lecture?

A
  • Sarcoptes scabiei: scabies
  • Pediculus humanus : lice
41
Q

How are skin parasites usually transmitted to a new host?

A

Direct contact, intimate contact (sexual), fomites,

42
Q

Know the two subspecies of body lice:

A

Pediculus humanus capitis: head louse

Pediculus humanus corporis: body louse

43
Q

Which subspecies of lice can transmit disease?

A

Pediculus humanus corporis: body louse

Microbiology (15 decks)

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