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Microbiology > Chapter 22: Microbial Diseases of Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Microbial Diseases of Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges

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2
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain (most severe)

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3
Q

What are the 4 bacteria that commonly cause meningitis?

A
  • Steptococcus pneumoniae
  • Neisseria meningitides
  • Haemophilus influenza type B (hib)
  • Listeria monocytogenes

most have capsule (protects from phagocytosis) except Listeria monocytogenes

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4
Q

Diseases caused by bacteria:

A
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Mycobacterium leprae
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5
Q

Diseases caused by viruses:

A
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Zika virus
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6
Q

Diseases caused by fungi:

A
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
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7
Q

Which type of meningitis is more common in college aged students?

A
  • Neisseria meningitides. (meningitis B)
    Droplet or direct contact.
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8
Q

Which meningitis bacterial type can be transferred from mother to fetus?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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9
Q

What is a critical symptom of meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges (leading to swelling of the brain (encephalitis) which can then lead to death)

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10
Q

How do viral and bacterial meningitis compare?

A
  • Viral is more common and mild.
  • Bacterial can be fatal
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11
Q

What organism causes botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinum

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12
Q

Is botulism caused by the organism itself or a released toxin?

A

Released toxin (exotoxin/neurotoxin)

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13
Q

What type of paralysis is caused by botulism?

A

Flaccid paralysis- muscle weakening

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14
Q

What is the connection with babies, honey and botulism?

A

Honey can contain Clostridium botulinum bacteria, which lives in soil and dust. Babies don’t have a strong immune system, they are more vulnerable to botulism

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15
Q

Know the major misconceptions about leprosy:

A
  • It’s contagious
  • It’s flesh eating
  • Deadly
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16
Q

What causes leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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17
Q

Misconceptions on Hansen’s disease (leprosy)

A

There are many misconceptions about leprosy, such as being highly contagious, deadly, flesh eating and others. In reality leprosy is curable with antibiotics, it takes time but will work. Also, the disease doesn’t cause limbs to fall off, body parts lose feeling and opportunistic bacteria gets in untreated wounds, which leads to amputation; also fingers tend to curl in. It is important to be informed and change our perception about leprosy.

18
Q

What is the alternate term for leprosy?

A

Hansen’s disease

19
Q

Where does leprosy grow in the human body?

A

PNS- Peripheral nervous system

20
Q

Types of leprosy:

A
  • Tuberculoid
  • Lepromatous
21
Q

How do immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of leprosy?

A

Cell mediated immune response, leading to nerve damage.

22
Q

Is tetanus caused by the organism itself or a released toxin?

A

Released toxin (neurotoxin)

23
Q

What causes tetanus?

A

Bacteria: Clostridium tetani
- A puncture wound that doesn’t get cleaned.

24
Q

What toxin is released from Clostridium tetani?

A

Tetanospasmin

25
Q

How does the tetanus toxin affect a person?

A

Blocks relaxation pathway
- muscle spasms,
- lockjaw,
- opisthotonos: you cant relax contractions

26
Q

How is polio commonly transmitted to a new host?

A

Ingested (water contaminated with feces)

27
Q

Poliovirus:

A
  • Picornaviridae
    Known as cause of paralysis
28
Q

How do most infections with polio affect the host?

A

Most are asymptomatic or mild symptoms.

29
Q

What is the chance that infection with poliovirus will result in paralysis?

A

Less than 1%

30
Q

Which body structure is completely paralyzed by a severe polio infection?

A

Cells in upper spinal cord (lungs: not able to breathe)

31
Q

Disease that is susceptible to vaccination after the initial exposure?

A

Rabies

32
Q

Describe hydrophobia:

A

Sight/ thought/ exposure set off spasms of mouth and pharynx

33
Q

How is dumb rabies distinct from classical rabies?

A
  • Dumb: minimal excitability. Quiet, unaware of surroundings.
  • Furious (classic): Biting behavior,fatal in days, high flow of saliva.
34
Q

What is the general vector for arboviral encephalitis?

A

Mosquito

35
Q

How can Zika virus spread person to person?

A
  • Sexually
  • Pregnancy/delivery
  • Blood transfusions
36
Q

When is Zika the most severe?

A

Summer months

37
Q

What is the etiology of cryptococcosis?

A

Inhaling dried, contaminated pigeon droppings.

Can affect CNS (fungus)

38
Q

What type of organism can cause meningitis?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Fungi
  • Protozoa
39
Q

True or false
Bacerial meningitis is much more common than viral meningitis and tends to cause a milder form of disease

A

False

40
Q

True or false
Botulism is caused by the bacteria and not the toxin

A

False

Microbiology (15 decks)

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