Chapter 23: Chronic Health Conditions and Special Populations

Question 1

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

A general term that refers to the hardening and loss of elasticity of arteries.

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.

Question 3

Valsalva maneuver

Answer 3

A process that involves expiring against a closed windpipe, creating additional intra-abdominal pressure and spinal stability.

Question 4

Obesity

Answer 4

A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.

Question 5

Overweight

Answer 5

A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9.

Question 6

Diabetes

Answer 6

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.

Question 7

Hyperglycemia

Answer 7

High blood sugar; the state of elevated glucose in the bloodstream.

Question 8

Hypoglycemia

Answer 8

Low blood sugar; the state of deficient glucose in the bloodstream.

Question 9

Stroke

Answer 9

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.

Question 10

Heart Failure

Answer 10

A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

Question 11

Kidney failure

Answer 11

A sudden condition in which the kidneys cannot sufficiently filter waste from the blood and leads to renal failure.

Question 12

Osteopenia

Answer 12

Lower than normal bone density and a precursor to osteoporosis.

Question 13

Osteoporosis

Answer 13

A condition of reduced bone mineral density, which increases risk of bone fracture.

Question 14

Arthritis

Answer 14

Chronic inflammation of the joints.

Question 15

Osteoarthritis

Answer 15

Caused by degeneration of cartilage within joints.

Question 16

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 16

A degenerative joint disease in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissue.

Question 17

Atrophy

Answer 17

The wasting away or decrease in size of body tissue.

Question 18

Restrictive Lung disease

Answer 18

The condition of a fibrous lung tissue, which results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs.

Question 19

Chronic obstructive lung disease

Answer 19

The condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production.

Question 20

Dyspnea

Answer 20

Shortness of breath or labored breathing.

Question 21

Intermittent claudication

Answer 21

The manifestation of the symptoms caused by peripheral arterial disease.

Question 22

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Answer 22

A group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked, typically as a result of atherosclerosis; also referred to as peripheral vascular disease.