Chapter 21: The Optimum Performance Training Model

Question 1

Adherance

Answer 1

The level of commitment to a behavior or plan of action.

Question 2

Overtraining

Answer 2

Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.

Question 3

Kinetic chain

Answer 3

A concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement.

Question 4

Training plan

Answer 4

The specific outline created by a fitness professional that details the form of training, length of time, future changes, and specific exercises to be performed.

Question 5

Acute variables

Answer 5

Important components that specify how each exercise is to be performed; also known as exercise training variables.

Question 6

Periodization

Answer 6

Macromanagement or planned manipulation of training variables in an organized fashion to improve performance over time.

Question 7

Linear periodization

Answer 7

A traditional method of program design that aims to gradually increase the intensity of the training load while simultaneously decreasing volume over a set period of time.

Question 8

Hypertrophy

Answer 8

Enlargement of an organ or tissue; in the context of fitness, it is often used to describe the enlargement of skeletal muscle.

Question 9

Undulating periodization

Answer 9

A programming scheme, also known as nonlinear periodization, that uses changes in volume, intensity, and exercise selection to provide loading differences on a daily or weekly basis.

Question 10

Autonomy

Answer 10

Acting in accordance with how one wants to behave.

Question 11

Self-efficacy

Answer 11

One’s belief that he or she can complete a task, goal, or performance; also known as self-confidence.

Question 12

Length-tension relationship

Answer 12

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

Question 13

Fundamental movement patterns

Answer 13

Common and essential movements performed in daily life and are involved in exercise motions within a training session.

Question 14

Activities of daily living

Answer 14

The fundamental tasks needed to manage basic self-care activities, such as bathing, dressing, grooming, meal preparation and feeding, and homemaking.

Question 15

Compound (multijoint) movement pattern

Answer 15

An exercise or movement pattern that involves multiple joints and muscle groups.

Question 16

Kyphotic/Kyphosis

Answer 16

The normal curvature of the thoracic spine region, creating a convex portion of the spine.

Question 17

Synergists

Answer 17

Muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement.

Question 18

Neuromuscular efficiency

Answer 18

The ability of the nervous system to recruit the correct muscles to produce force, reduce force, and dynamically stabilize the body’s structure in all three planes of motion.

Question 19

Specific warm-up

Answer 19

Low-intensity exercise consisting of movements that mimic those to be included in the more intense exercise immediately following.