Chapter 11: Health, Wellness, and Performance Assessments

Question 1

Mortality

Answer 1

A state or a risk of death or dying.

Question 2

Morbidity

Answer 2

The state of having a disease.

Question 3

High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

Answer 3

An exercise training method defined by intervals of near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods.

Question 4

Deconditioned

Answer 4

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.

Question 5

Health risk assessment (HRA)

Answer 5

A screening tool used to evaluate the benefits and the risks associated with starting any type of exercise that is strenuous in nature.

Question 6

Contraindication

Answer 6

A specific situation where a medication, procedure, or exercise should be avoided because it may prove to be harmful to the individual.

Question 7

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+)

Answer 7

A detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise.

Question 8

False-positive screenings

Answer 8

`A screening where the results of the health risk assessment might indicate a need for medical clearance, when one is in fact not needed.

Question 9

Health history questionnaire (HHQ)

Answer 9

A questionnaire with lists of questions that pertain to health history and habits, such as exercise history, eating behaviors, and general lifestyle.

Question 10

Resting heart rate (RHR)

Answer 10

The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest.

Question 11

Thermoregulation

Answer 11

The physiological process by which the body maintains a relatively constant internal body temperature, including events like sweating to cool the body and shivering to warm the body.

Question 12

Peripheral vasodilation

Answer 12

The action of expanding the diameter of a blood vessel near the surface of the skin, which helps remove heat from the body.

Question 13

Blood pressure (BP)

Answer 13

The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/diastolic.

Question 14

Systolic blood pressure (SBP)

Answer 14

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.

Question 15

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

Answer 15

The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.

Question 16

Arterial system

Answer 16

The system of arteries carrying blood away from the heart.

Question 17

brachial artery

Answer 17

The primary artery of the upper arm, which is often used as a site for measuring blood pressure.

Question 18

Anthropometry

Answer 18

The field of study of the measurement of living humans for purposes of understanding human physical variation in size, weight, and proportion.

Question 19

Circumference measurement

Answer 19

The measurement that determines the overall dimension (girth) of a body segment, which can be used to estimate body composition or the prevalence of obesity.

Question 20

Waist to hip ratio (WHR)

Answer 20

The relative score expressing the ratio of the waist circumference to the hip circumference, which correlates to the risk for developing cardiovascular disease.

Question 21

Gluteal fold

Answer 21

The area where the fold of the buttocks joins the back of the thigh.

Question 22

Skinfold measurements

Answer 22

A technique used to estimate body fat in which calipers are used to pinch the skin in certain areas of the body.

Question 23

Jackson and Pollock 7-site protocol

Answer 23

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at seven different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage.

Question 24

Jackson and Pollock 3-Site protocol

Answer 24

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at three different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage.

Question 25

Four-site Durnin-Womersley protocol

Answer 25

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at four different places (biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) within the body to estimate body fat percentage.

Question 26

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

Answer 26

A body composition assessment technique that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body.

Question 27

Archimedes’ principle

Answer 27

The assumption stating that the volume of fluid displaced is equivalent to the volume of an object fully immersed in that fluid or to the specific fraction of the volume below the surface.

Question 28

Cardiorespiratory fitness

Answer 28

The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to provide the body with oxygen during activity.

Question 29

Cardiorespiratory assessments

Answer 29

Protocols intended to measure the aerobic fitness of an individual.

Question 30

YMCA 3-minute step test

Answer 30

An aerobic test that measures the cardiovascular fitness of an individual based on a 3-minute bout of stair-stepping at a specific cadence.

Question 31

Recovery heart rate (RHR)

Answer 31

The number of heartbeats measured after exercise ceases, which provides some indication of an individual’s fitness level (i.e., more conditioned people recover more rapidly).

Question 32

Rockport walk test

Answer 32

An aerobic test for deconditioned individuals or those of low fitness levels in which they are instructed to walk as fast as possible and have their pulse taken immediately after completing 1 mile.

Question 33

Talk test

Answer 33

An aerobic test that measures the participant’s ability to talk or hold a conversation during an activity at various intensity levels.

Question 34

Ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1)

Answer 34

The point at which the body uses an equal mix of carbohydrate and fat as fuel sources.

Question 35

Steady-state (SS) heart rate

Answer 35

Any stage at which the physiological response of heart rate from the cardiovascular system becomes relatively constant in relation to the amount of work being performed (i.e., the heart rate response matches the level of work being performed).

Question 36

Ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2)

Answer 36

The point where glucose provides nearly all of the energy for the activity.

Question 37

Anaerobic energy systems

Answer 37

Energy systems used to perform work in which glycogen is converted to glucose and oxygen is insufficient to break down pyruvate and create adenosine triphosphate.