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History Midterm > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

0
Q

Bourgeois Century

A

Characterization of the 19th century; expanded dramatically with the industrialization, helped shape Western European society

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1
Q

Second Industrial Revolution

A

2 new sources of power - petroleum and electricity - economic changes - new sources of energy

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2
Q

Anthropology

A

Study of humanity, humanities, natural sciences, social sciences

comparative study of people in different societies

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3
Q

Victorian Morals

A

19th-century ethos wherein the strict moral principles of the dominant middle-class became a social norm. middle classes saw in Queen Victoria a reflection of their own values

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4
Q

Augusts Comte

A

Came up with the term positivism

vehicle of progress, not faith and religion but faith in science

sociology

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5
Q

Impressionist artists

A

Late 19th century style painting pioneered by French artists

Examples: Degas, Monet, Pissaro, Renoir, Sisten, and Morisot

Wanted paintings to capture what things look like before the brain distorted them

Spontaneity

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6
Q

August Renoir

A

French impressionist artist

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7
Q

Edgar Degas

A

French impressionist artist

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8
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Proposed Darwinism

Theory of biological evolution

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9
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Human societies evolve in the same way plants and animals - week poor and not worthy of survival

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10
Q

Alfred Nobel

A

Invented dynamite made possible level hills blast tunnels through the mountains facilitating construction

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11
Q

Jules Verne

A

French writer who wrote “Around the world in 80 days” - Optimism born of conquering vast distance

Wrote 20,000 Leagues under the sea

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12
Q

Samuel Morse

A

Invention of single wire telegraph system

coinventor of the Morse code

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13
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

Invented machine capable of transmitting human voice by electrical impulses also known as the telephone

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14
Q

Suez Canal

A

Dug on Egyptian soil

linked Mediterranean to Red Sea to Indian Ocean

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15
Q

Georges Haussmann

A

Aide to Napoleon III, helped transform Paris from dirty medieval city to beautiful modern one, engineer helped build elegant buildings

16
Q

The Crystal Palace

A

Exhibition in London
largest world exposition
highlighted industrial accomplishments
building largest glass and steel structure of its time
showcase of advanced European civilization

17
Q

Leopold Von Ranke

A

Father of modern historical writing

role shows how things actually work

18
Q

Origin of Species

A

Darwin’s observations in Galapagos islands

most important scientific work of the 19th century

19
Q

Decent of Man

A

Written by Darwin - presented evidence that humanity too is subject to natural law

20
Q

Dmitri Mendeleev

A

Russian chemist who developed the periodic table

21
Q

Josephine Grey Butler

A

British feminist concerned about the welfare of prostitutes

22
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Discovered microbes - small organisms invisible to the naked which caused various diseases - discovered pasteurization

23
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Surgeon developed effective disinfectant

Carbolic acid to kill germs that cause gangrene and other infections in surgical patients

Development of germ-free procedures transform science of surgery

24
Q

Edward Tylor

A

Main anthropological theorist in Britain

Believed travel back in time humans increasingly unsophisticated

25
Q

Pogroms

A

Outbreaks of violence against Jews in Bucharest, Romania

26
Q

Lourdes

A

Commune in Hautes-Pyrenees in France

27
Q

Louis Danguerre

A

Invented camera

28
Q

Charles Dickens

A

Wrote novels depicting the lot of the poor with humor and sympathy

Realist

29
Q

Gustave Flaubert

A

French realist whose novels debunked the romanticism of his elders

Wrote “Madame Bovary”

30
Q

Fedor Dostoyevsky

A

Realistically portrayed psychological dimensions of his characters in novels such as “Crime and Punishment”

31
Q

Leo Tolstoy

A

Wrote “War and Peace” - rather than showing battle as heroic he showed individuals trapped by forces beyond their control

History Midterm (12 decks)

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