Chapter 19

Question 0

Three Estates in Frane

Answer 0

First Estate - The clergy in France

Second Estate - The Nobles

Third Estate - The common people

Question 1

American Revolution

Answer 1

1775-1783

A political upheaval during the last half of 18th-century in which 13 colonies in North America joined together to break from British Empire combining to become the United States of America

Result of a series of social political and intellectual transformations in American society, government, and ways of thinking

Question 2

National Assembly

Answer 2

Legislative body formed in France in 1789 when members of the Third Estate in the Estates Gen. joined by some deputies from the clergy declared themselves the representatives of the nation

Question 3

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 3

Pledge signed by all but one deputy of the national assembly in France in 1789 to meet until constitution was drafted

Question 4

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Answer 4

Document issued by the national assembly of France in 1789 modeled on the U.S. Constitution, it asserted the natural, inalienable, and sacred rights of man

Question 5

Jacobins

Answer 5

In revolutionary France - Republican political club named for the monastic order

Question 6

Girondins

Answer 6

Republican members of the Jacobin Club; caused constitutional monarchy to collapse in less than a year

Question 7

Émigrés

Answer 7

Any of the Frenchman mostly aristocrats who fled France following French Revolution for political reasons

Question 8

San-Culottes

Answer 8

Ordinary citizens of revolutionary Paris whose derisive nickname referred to their inability to afford fashionable mens pants.

Question 9

Maximilian Robespierre

Answer 9

French lawyer,revolutionary leader, influential member of committee of Public Safety, advocated terror to suppress internal dissent

Question 10

The Terror

Answer 10

Systematic repression of internal enemies undertaken by French revolutionary government in 18th century, approximately 14,000 people were executed including aristocrats, Girodins, and sans culottes

Question 11

Directory

Answer 11

French revolutionary government from 1795 to 1799 consisting of an executive council of five men chosen by the upper house of the legislature

Question 12

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 12

French general who took part in a coup in 1799 against the Directory
Napoleon consolidated power as first consul and ruled as Emperor from 1804 to 1815

Question 13

Civil Codes

Answer 13

Law code established under Napoleon in 1804 that included limited acceptance of revolutionary gains, such as guarantee of equality before the law and taxation of all social classes

Question 14

Francis Toussaint-Louverture

Answer 14

Former slave who governed the island of Saint Domingue (Haiti) as an independent state after the slave revolt of1791

Question 15

Old Regime

Answer 15

The French regime - ancient regime

Revolution brought on by:

• Heavy debts
• Institutional constraints on monarchy that defended privileged interests
• Public opinion that envisioned thorough reform and pushed the monarch in that directions

Question 16

King Louis XVI

Answer 16

Transformed from the divinely appointed father of people to an enemy worth of execution.

Came just in a year before the American Revolution, married Marie Antoinette,couldn’t consummate marriage because of the physical problem, didn’t want to be king, wanted to hunt

Question 17

Marie Antoinette

Answer 17

Queen, Austrian 
politically inept 
unable to negotiate complexities of court life selfishly wasteful 
later stripped of kids 
Prisoner - neglect and abuse 
Trial high treason killed by guillotine

Question 18

Marquis De Lafayette

Answer 18

Cmdr. of army

Close with George Washington

Question 19

Storming the Bastille

Answer 19

July 14, 1789
hated prison of King
overtaken
taken apart brick by brick

Question 20

Law of the Maximum

Answer 20

Developed by Wallace; states that total growth of a crop or a plant is proportional to about 70 growth facts

Question 21

Thermidorian Reaction

Answer 21

Post-terror phase of the Revolution because began in the revolutionary month of Thermidor (July 19 - August 17)

Question 22

Concordat of 1801

Answer 22

Most important achievement early in Napoleons regime this treaty with the people solve the problem of church state relations that for years provoked counterrevolutionary rebellions

• Allowed for resumption of Catholic worship and continued support of clergy by state
• Most French are Catholic
• Recognized Protestant and Jews

Question 23

Battle of Trafalgar

Answer 23

British fleet commanded by Nelson intercepted a combined French and Spanish fleet that was to have been the invasion force and inflicted a devastating defeat off Cape Trafalgar in southern Spain - victory ensured British mastery of the seas
Contributed to Napoleons demise
Bad decision to invade England over channel British defeat French.

Question 24

Battle at Austerlitz

Answer 24

Napoleons army routed a combined Austrian and Russian force near Austerlitz, north of Vienna,most spectacular victory

Austria sued for peace

Question 25

Battle of Nations

Answer 25

Forced Napoleon to abdicate
Exiled to Mediterranean Island Elba
escapes Island and come backs to reign another hundred days

Question 26

The Continental System

Answer 26

Napoleon; under system continent closed to all British shipping and goods.
Effects uneven smuggling to evade controls on British goods
became major enterprise

Question 27

Island of Elba

Answer 27

Where Napoleon was exiled

Question 28

Battle of Waterloo

Answer 28

Prussia and Great Britain defeated Napoleon

Question 29

St. Helena

Answer 29

Sent Napoleon here off the coast of Africa

He dies of stomach cancer