Chapter 20

Question 0

Steam engine

Answer 0

Most successful

could take steam engine anywhere and build a factory

Question 1

Industrialization

Answer 1

People went from having to do muscle labor to depending on the nature of machines producing goods

most successful was the steam engine

Question 2

Thomas Newcomen

Answer 2

Discovered steam pump

Used to pump water out of coal mines

Question 3

James Watt

Answer 3

Invented steam engine that pumped up and down
sold to farmers and others
Resulted with the term horsepower - how many horses it could replace

Question 4

Entrepreneurs

Answer 4

People who put up money and take a chance risk investing in new business ventures, inventors, innovator

Question 5

Examples of entrepreneurs

Answer 5

Archright - father of factory system
John Kay - flying shuttle (yarn)
Hargraves - spinning Jenny
Crompton - developed mile-cross Jenny & shuttle
Bell - telephone
Wedgwood - potter, dinnerware

Question 6

Factories

Answer 6

Archright created; centralized workplaces; mass produces goods

Question 7

Mass Production

Answer 7

Great number of people work in factories to mechanically produce large quantities of goods
steam engine led to mass-produced textiles

Question 8

Urbanization

Answer 8

Physical growth of urban areas as a result of rural migration and even suburban concentration into cities particularly very large ones

connected to the industrialization

Question 9

Slums

Answer 9

Housing or tenement buildings where factory workers moved

Became ridden with diseases and prostitution

Question 10

Friendly societies

Answer 10

Mutual society, benevolent society, fraternal organization providing financial and social services to individuals; formed by workers, pooled resources provided mutual aid

Question 11

Proletariate

Answer 11

Marx’s term; worked in textiles and factories; bottom of the barrel; owned none of the means of production; dependent on factory owners for livelihood

Question 12

Primogeniture

Answer 12

Legal inheritance system provided firstborn usually firstborn son right to inherit family land and farm

Question 13

Luddites

Answer 13

Worked in trade skills; workers out of career during the industrialization; they destroyed looms because they took away their jobs and then rounded up and executed

Question 14

Unions

Answer 14

Provided workers means to resent intrusiveness into their private lives and resisted attempts at control; resist unreasonable regulations; secure decent wages and working conditions

Collective bargaining - one spokesperson for thousands

Question 15

Eli Whitney

Answer 15

Invented the cotton gin, impact on industrialization; Improved amount of cotton picked increased need for slaves to process

Question 16

Abraham Darby

Answer 16

Developed a method of producing pig iron in a blast furnace; Major step towards production of iron

Question 17

Richard Arkwright

Answer 17

Father of Factory system

Patents water frame for spinning

Question 18

George Stephenson

Answer 18

Made first locomotive, went 5mph

Question 19

Josiah Wedgewood

Answer 19

Potter, made dinnerware

Question 20

Samuel Compton’s Mule

Answer 20

Developed mile. Cross between a Jenny and Shuttle

Question 21

John Kay

Answer 21

Developed flying shuttle (yarn)

Question 22

James Hargraves

Answer 22

Developed spinning Jenny