Chapter 21 Flashcards
Count Clemens Von Metterhich
Leader of Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna
Met to redraw map of Europe
involved Austria, Prussia, Russia,Britain wanted return to status quo before the French Revolution
Redrew map to their advantage
set up Congress system to talk about things diplomatically
called after napoleons defeat
Conservatism
Ideas from Congress of Vienna; restore power to the aristocracy; established church; wanted status quo; support existing order of monarchy
Examples: Burke, Moore, Hagel
Socialism
19th century economic and social doctrine and political movement that advocated the social or state ownership of property in order to create more just system
Romanticism
Cultural movement in the 18th and 19th century; rebel against rationalism and it’s enlightenment values and prized sentiment; artistic movement; praised beauty of nature; based on feeling rather than reason
Examples: Beethoven, Sand, Eliot
Nationalism
Belief people derive identity from their nation and owe it to their primary loyalty
Criteria for nationhood: Common language, religion, political authority, traditions and shared historical experiences alight themselves with country they live in
Example: Grimm Brothers
Liberalism
19th century economic and political theory called for reducing government powers to minimum eliminate state regulation of economy and ensure a voice in government for men of property and education
Example: Adam Smith
George Wilhelm Fredrick Hegel
Conservative; view history is propelled from one stage to another, a Devine spirit (zeitgeist) that came over Greece and then passed over to Rome; thought it came over France but reign was too short
Thesis - idea, Anti-thesis - idea
Thesis + Antithesis = Synthesis
Karl Marx
Most important socialist in the 19th century; human history, direction, and goal - abolish capitalism, disappearance of the state, liberation of mankind, scientific socialism, working-class rebel against capitalist owners, build communist society - utopian society, complete equality
Criticized that socialism is great until you run out of other people’s money
Fredrick Engels
Marxist; scientific socialism
Communist Manifesto
Published by Carl Marx and Engels; written for Communist league - group of Germans living in exile; made appeal to working-class; call on proletariat to rise create a society that ends human exploitation
The Capital (Das Capital)
1st volume; Marx major work; political and polemical work
Laissez-faire
French term to leave alone; advocate freeing national economies from fetters of the state and allowing supply and demand to shape marketplace
Example: Smith
Capitalists
Dedicated to capitalism social system founded upon individual rights based on private ownership as means of production; goal to make profit
Utilitarianism
Theory of normative ethics; proper course of action is the one that maximizes utility; specifically maximizes happiness and reduces suffering
-Jeremy Bentham
