Chapter 22

Question 1

Utilitarianism

Answer 1

The idea of Jeremy Bentham that social policies should promote the greatest good for the greatest number

Question 2

Germ theory

Answer 2

The idea that disease was caused by the spread of living organisms that could be controlled

Question 3

Labor aristocracy

Answer 3

The highly skilled workers such as factory for women and construction bosses who made up about 15% of the working classes from about 1850 to 1914

Question 4

Sweated industries

Answer 4

Poorly paid handicraft production often carried out by married woman paid by the piece and working at home

Question 5

Companionate marriage

Answer 5

marriage based on romantic love and middle-class family values that became increasingly dominant in the second half of the 19th century

Question 6

Separate spheres

Answer 6

The 19th century gendered division of labor and lifestyle that cast men as breadwinners and woman as homemakers

Question 7

Suffrage movement

Answer 7

A military movement for women’s rights to vote led by middle-class British woman around 1900

Question 8

Thermodynamics

Answer 8

a branch of physics built on Newton’s laws of mechanics that investigated the relationship between he and mechanical energy

Question 9

Sound industrial revolution

Answer 9

The burst of industrial creativity and technological innovation that promoted strong economic growth in the last third of the 19th century

Question 10

Evolution

Answer 10

The idea applied by thinkers and many fields that stresses gradual change and continuous adjustment

Question 11

Social Darwinism

Answer 11

a body of thought drawn from the ideas of Charles Darwin that applied the theory of biological evolution to human affairs and saw the human race as driven by an unending economic struggle that would determine the survival of the fittest

Question 12

Realism

Answer 12

A literary movement that in contrast to romanticism stressed the depiction of life as it actually was