23 Flashcards
Red shirts
The Guerilla army of Giuseppe Garibaldiwho invaded Sicily in 1860 in an attempt to liberate up winning the hearts of the Sicilian peasantry
Homestead act
in American law enacted during the civil war that gave Western land to settlers reinforcing the concept of free labor and a market economy
Crimearian war
a conflict fought between 1853 and 1856 over Russian desires to expand into autumn and territory Russia was defeated by France Britain and the Ottomans underscoring the need for reform in the Russian empire
Bloody Sunday
a massacre of peaceful protesters at the Winter palace in St Petersburg in 1905 triggering a revolution that overturned absolute tsaristrule and made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy
October manifesto
There is all of a paralyzing general strike in October 1905 a Russian agree that granted full civil rights and promised a popularly elected Duma with real legislative power
Duma
The Russian Parliament that opened in 1906 elected indirectly by universal mail suffrage but controlled after 1907 by the tsar and the conservative classes
Tanzimat
A set of reforms designs to remake the Ottoman empire on a western European model
Young Turks
Fervent Patriots who seized power in a 1908 coupe in the Audubon empire forcing the conservative sultan to implement reforms
Reichstag
The popularity elected lower house of government of the new German empire after 1871
Kulterkampf
Bismarck’s attack on the Catholic Church within Germany from 1870 to 1878 resulting from Pius IXs declaration of papal infallibility
German social democratic party
a German working class political party founded in the 1870s the SPD championed Marxism but in practice turned away from Marxist revolution and worked instead for social and workplace reforms in the German Parliament
Dreyfus affair
8 device case in which Alfred Dreyfus a Jewish captain in the French army was falsely accused and convicted of treason. The Catholic Church cited with the anti-Semites and against Dreyfus after Dreyfus was declared innocent the French government severed all ties between the state and the church
People’s Budget
a bill proposed after the liberal party came to power in Britain in 1906 it was designed to increase spending on social welfare services but was initially vetoed in the House of Lords
Zionism
A movement dedicated to building a Jewish national homeland in Palestine started by Theodore Herzl
Revisionism
An effort by moderate socialists to update Marxist doctrines to reflect the realities of the time
